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Culture. Peru. Taiwan. New Guinea. India. Brazil. New Guinea. Kenya. Egypt. Culture : a design for living, produced by members of society. It’s the languages, values, symbols, norms, behavior, and material objects passed from one generation to the next.
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Peru Taiwan New Guinea India
Brazil New Guinea Kenya Egypt
Culture: a design for living, produced by members of society. It’s the languages, values, symbols, norms, behavior, and material objects passed from one generation to the next.
Non-material Material “thinking” “objects”
Units of Culture • Trait: bacon, eggs, toast, juice,… • Complex: breakfast • Pattern: eating • Culture: three meals a day
Taken for Granted “The last thing a fish would ever notice would be the water.” When our assumptions of culture are challenged it can be upsetting. A couple examples are hygiene and starring.
All Cultures Consist of Five Components • Symbols- attach meaning to and use to communicate. • Symbols affect our thoughts about gender and race • Symbols can be many things to many people • They can stand for love, peace, hate, etc..
Language • Allows human experience to be cumulative. • Provides a shared social past • Provides a shared social future. • Share experiences with others. • Allows us goal directed behavior.
Values are shared beliefs by society that something is good, desirable, or important. Highly held values lead to conflict, such as freedom and individualism
American Value System By: Robin Williams (1965) • Achievement 2. Individualism 3. Work • 4. Efficiency 5. Progress 6. Science • 7. Material Comfort 8. Humanitarianism • 9. Freedom 10. Democracy 11. Racism • 12. Education 13. Religion 14. monogamy
Emerging Values • Leisure • Youngness • Self-fulfillment • Physical Fitness
Value Contradiction When values challenge one another Ex. Morality vs. Partying
Norms-shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situation. Folkways Mores Taboos Sanctions Positive Negative Formal Informal
Ethnocentrism is deeply instilled in our minds that we condemn cultural practices radically different from ours. Napolean Chagnon and his life with the Yanomamo.
Cultural Relativism requires the suspension of our own perspectives in order to grasp the perspective of others.
Subcultures Share a distinct set of cultural beliefs and behaviors that differ in some significant way from that of the large society. Participate in mainstream society, but associate with one another more personally and frequently than with members of other groups.
Amish 100,000 pop.75% living in Pennsylvania Values include joy in work,thriftiness, faith in God, reject worldly concerns.
Counterculture: a group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles.
High Culture: classical music, theatre, and other elite activities.
Forms of Popular Culture FADS: