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PETE 689 Underbalanced Drilling (UBD)

PETE 689 Underbalanced Drilling (UBD). Lesson 1 Introduction Read: Underbalanced Drilling Manual Chapter 1. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering. Introduction. Course Syllabus Texts Grading. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering. Introduction. What is UBD

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PETE 689 Underbalanced Drilling (UBD)

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  1. PETE 689 Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) Lesson 1 Introduction Read: Underbalanced Drilling Manual Chapter 1 Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  2. Introduction • Course Syllabus • Texts • Grading Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  3. Introduction • What is UBD • Why Drill Underbalanced • Techniques and Limitations • Historical Perspectives Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  4. Course Syllabus • PETE 689: Special Topics in Underbalanced Drilling • Prerequisites: Graduate Classification • Credit: 3 hours Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  5. Course Description • This course provides an introduction and application of techniques that can be utilized in underbalanced drilling. It will cover topics such as BOP equipment, the types of drilling fluids used (air, mist foam, etc.), flow drilling, and mud cap drilling. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  6. Text “Underbalanced Drilling Manual” Gas Research Institute, GRI, Chicago, 1997. • May be able to get it at the TAMU Bookstore. • Can be purchased online from the SPE, IADC, and other Petroleum Publishing Companies. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  7. References • “A project Management Approach To Underbalanced Operations”. Signa Engineering Corp., Houston, 1998. • “Mudlite Air/Mist/Foam Hydraulics Model”. Maurer Engineering Inc., Houston, 1988 • Selected papers and texts. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  8. Grading • Exam A 10/15/2003 25% • Exam B 12/04/2003 25% • Class Project (presentations) 25% • Homework 25% • Dates are subject to change depending on the student and Instructor schedules. Please check your schedules this week and we will discuss the actual dates on Thursday. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  9. Instructor • Dr. Jerome J. Schubert, PE, CPA • Phone: 979/862-1195 • Office: Richardson Rm 501K • e-mail: schubert@spindletop.tamu.edu • Lecture Location: http://pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert click on PETE 689_UBD Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  10. Office Hours • Tuesday & Thursday. • 10:00 - 11:30 a.m. • Or whenever I am in my office. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  11. What is UBD • Wellbore pressures “intentionally” maintained below formation pressure in the open hole section. • Formation fluids flow into the well. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  12. Additional Definitions • Flow (Live) operations. • Operations intentionally undertaken with a liquid drilling fluid system where the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the liquid column is below formation pore pressure such that the formation fluid is allowed to flow to the surface during the operations. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  13. Additional Definitions, con’t • Gasified Fluid Operations. (Aerated Fluid Operated). • Operations intentionally undertaken with a two-phase drilling fluid containing some form of gas mixed with a liquid phase. • Gasified fluids normally do not contain a surfactant. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  14. Additional Definitions, con’t • Foam Operations: • Operations intentionally undertaken with a two-phase drilling fluid containing some form of gas mixed with a liquid phase and tied together with a surfactant. • The liquid is the continuous phase. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  15. Additional Definitions, con’t • Mist Operations: • Intentionally drilling with a two-phase fluid having a gas as the continuous phase. • The liquid in this fluid system is suspended in the mixture as droplets. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  16. Additional Definitions, con’t • Air Operations: • Intentionally drilling using a pure gas as the drilling fluid. • The gas can be air, nitrogen, natural gas, or any combination of gases. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  17. Additional Definitions, con’t • Mudcap Operations: • Operations undertaken when the annular pressure during flow drilling exceeds the safe pressure limit of the rotating control element. • Mudcap operations are not UB operation, but often are a result of drilling underbalanced and employ many of the same techniques and equipment. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  18. Additional Definitions, con’t • Snubbing Operations: • An intentional operation that employs either a snubbing unit or coiled-tubing unit in order to operate at surface pressures that exceed the limits of rotating control elements such as rotating heads or rotating blowout preventers. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  19. Additional Definitions, con’t • Coiled-tubing drilling: • Use of a continuous-spool of pipe to drill with instead of the conventional jointed drillpipe. • CT units were originally designed to operate on live wells with surface pressure, without the requirement that the well be “killed” prior to entering the wellbore. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  20. Why drill underbalanced? • Increased Penetration Rate. • Increased Bit Life. • Minimized Lost Circulation. • Minimize Differential Sticking. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  21. Why drill underbalanced? • Reduced Formation Damage. • Earlier Production. • Reduced Stimulation Requirements. • Improved Formation Evaluation. • Environmental Benefits. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  22. Historical perspectives • UBD operations are as old as the drilling industry: • First wells were drilled with cable tool. • Cable tool drilling was underbalanced. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  23. Historical perspectives • In 1866 a patent for air drilling was issued. • First recorded use of a gasified fluid was in West Texas in 1932. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  24. Historical perspectives • In 1938 mist was used by The Texas Company to drill in California. • Natural gas was continuous phase and oil was the liquid phase. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  25. Historical perspectives • Interest dropped off using gas as a drilling fluid until the 1950’s were it showed a resurgence in: • Canada. • West and Central Texas. • Utah. • San Juan Basin of New Mexico. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  26. Historical Perspectives Typical of Nat Gas operations in New Mexico Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  27. Historical Perspectives Early Air Compressors used in air drilling Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  28. Historical Perspectives Natural Gas drilling in West Texas. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  29. Historical Perspectives In the 1960’s, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission began to study the use of foams to clean wellbores as large as 60” in diameter from 45 feet as 2000 feet. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  30. Historical perspectives • Until the mid 1980’s UBD was just a niche industry, and only utilized in certain areas around the world. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  31. Mid 1980’s Horizontal Drilling Became Fairly Common (Plot is for three companies) No. of Wells Year Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  32. Growth in Horizontal Drilling Spurred the Resurgence in UBD (US operations) Mid 1980’s Horizontal Drilling Became Fairly Common (Plot is for three companies) Total Lightweight Fluid Wells Year Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  33. Until 1987 the maximum working pressure rating of rotating heads was 150-300 psi. • RBOP was developed with a working pressure of 1000 psi. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  34. Rotating Control Devices RBOP-1000psi (1987) PCWD-3000 psi (1995) RCH-2500 psi (1995) Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  35. Closed Loop System • Allows re-use of the drilling fluids in foam systems environmentally friendly. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  36. Nitrogen Generation System Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  37. Electromagnetic MWD Tools Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  38. Hollow Glass Spheres Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  39. Factors Leading to Increased UBD • Horizontal Drilling. • Closed Systems. • High-Pressure Rotating Control Devices. • Electromagnetic MWD Systems. • HP HV Compressors. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  40. Factors Leading to Increased UBD • Increased Availability of Nitrogen. • Better Reservoir and Rock Strength Analysis. • Improved Hydraulics Analysis. • Percussion Tools. • Ability to Re-Circulate Fluids. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  41. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

  42. PETE 689 Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) End of Lesson 1 Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

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