Efforts to strengthen Source Security

1. Efforts to strengthen Source Security Dr. K. Mrabit DG, AMSSNuR

2. Outline • Use of radioactive sources in the Kingdom of Morocco. • Legal and Regulatory Framework. • National Approach to enhance nuclear security. • IAEA Assistance & Cooperation. • What could be done by the GICNT? • Conclusion.

3. Use of radioactive sources • Over than1200 radioactive sources used in more than̴100 facilities: • Medical applications • Gamma knife • Brachytherapy (HDR) • Industrial applications • Gamma radiography • Gauges • Agriculture ( irradiator) • Research.

4. Requires: •  National Policy, Strategies, clear responsibilities. •  Adequate Legal and Regulatory Framework. •  Adequate Resources and Infrastructure (technical, human, financial). •  Consideration of existing, future inventories. •  Consideration of the COMPLETE lifecycle. Sustainable Safe & Secure Management of Radioactive Sources

5. Legal & Regulatory Framework Binding instruments • Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) (ratified in 2002) &its Amendment (ratified in 2015); • ICSANT • Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (ratified in 2015); • Convention Internationale sur la Suppression d’actes de Terrorisme Nucléaire (ratified in 2010); • UNSCR 1540 &1373 • Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (ratified in 1993); • Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (ratified in 1993); Non binding instruments & NSS documents • Code of Conduct of the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources • Nuclear Security Series documents

6. Legal & Regulatory Framework (Cont’d) • New law 142-12on nuclear and radiological safety and security enacted in August 2014. • Establishment of a new independent Regulatory Authority: AgenceMarocaine de Sûreté et de Sécurité Nucléaires et Radiologiques (AMSSNuR); • In addition to safety & security aspects, the law covers safeguards and emergency preparedness issues; • All related regulations shall be issued by 2019.

7. National Approach to enhance nuclear security National inventory of Radioactive Sources –being finalised & computerized; Detection on boarders and scrap metals dealers facilities –being done; Enhancement of security in cat 1&2 facilities -done; National interim storage facility at CENM site -done.

8. National Approach to enhance nuclear security (Cont’d) • Enhance the awareness on nuclear security at the operational level –being done; • Strengthen the regulatory framework –being done; • Enhance the security culture at the different levels –being done; • Use of Linear accelerators instead of radioactive sources in teletherapy.

9. National Approach to enhance nuclear security (Cont’d) • Create the Nuclear Security and Support Training Centre to develop Human resources –done; • Improve planning and preparedness of emergency response exercises –being done; • Organize training and drills on search and secure of orphan sources –being done.

10. IAEA Assistance & cooperation (Cont’d) Guidance development • Revisions of Nuclear Security Series No.11 and No. 9 to Member States approved for publication; publication expected in early 2018 • Guidance under the Code of Conduct on the Management of Disused Sources to be published • TECDOCs on licensing and inspection for security under development

11. IAEA Assistance & cooperation (Cont’d) • Model Security Regulations based on NSS. No. 11 are available as Working Material for use by States – address use, storage, and transport • Recognize that the Model Regulations may need to be adapted to suit the actual organization and legal structure within a particular State • IAEA can review draft security regulations and provide feedback to MSs

12. IAEA Assistance & cooperation (Cont’d) • In 2017-2018, specific project “Enhancing National Regulatory Frameworks for Nuclear Security in African States” • Kick off event on 3-7 April 2017 in Morocco Announcements for these events was circulated this week to Permanent Missions in early February. All are encouraged to participate!!

13. IAEA Assistance & cooperation (Cont’d) • E-modules covering Radioactive Sources and Uses, Categorization of Radioactive Sources – are available! • Intended to serve as pre-requisites for in-class training • On going in-class training courses: • Establishing national inventories Curriculum being amended to combine safety aspects; available upon request • Workshops on security management/security plans available upon request • Training on conduct of security inspections to follow guidance development

14. IAEA Assistance & cooperation (Cont’d) Peer Reviews: • nuclear and other radioactive material underregulatory control • in depth review of physical protection regime • Identify needs for enhancement at state and facility (activity) level, including transport • ~75missions conducted since 1996

15. Whatcouldbedone by GICNT? • GICNT can promote the sharing of experience and best practices in source security. • GICNT can promote operational security of radioactive sources for Operators, Users and Industry. • GICNT can ensure complementarity to the IAEA’s efforts in Peer Reviews and Advisory Services, by identifying experts and providing feedback. • GICNT can organize exercises on source security.

16. Conclusion • Nuclear security is a national responsibility, but international cooperation is crucial – Global threat requires global response. • IAEA develops Guidance & provides for their application through expert advice, training, Peer reviews. • GICNT can promote the sharing of experience and best practices in source security. • GICNT can promote operational security among operators, users, industry.