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The Toulmin Model of Argument

The Toulmin Model of Argument. White and Billings. Toulmin Basics. Toulmin’s model is systematic in its reasoning; at the same time, it demands that this reasoning be scrutinized for its ethical underpinnings. Toulmin Model. Claim Data Warrant Backing Qualifier Rebuttal. Claim

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The Toulmin Model of Argument

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  1. The Toulmin Model of Argument White and Billings

  2. Toulmin Basics • Toulmin’s model is systematic in its reasoning; at the same time, it demands that this reasoning be scrutinized for its ethical underpinnings.

  3. Toulmin Model • Claim • Data • Warrant • Backing • Qualifier • Rebuttal

  4. Claim The assertion I shall try to persuade you to accept as true with or without qualifiers Data/Grounds The facts and/or logical reasons that demonstrate the truth of my claim Warrant Assurance that the data is based on solid principles, thus contributing to the validity & trustworthiness of the claim Backing Assurance that the warrant is sound

  5. Claim • Suggests a thesis or assertion is particularly open to challenge • Cannot dispute taste • Objective claim • Assert that something actually exists and present evidence that is demonstrably factual • Subjective Claim • Assert that something should exist and present evidence derived from ethical, moral, or aesthetic convictions.

  6. Data (grounds) • The supporting evidence fully validates the claim • Five kinds of data • Legal • Scientific • Testimonial or experiential (clear demonstrations) • Scholarly or documentary • Statistical

  7. The Warrant and its Backing • The assurance that the evidence brought in to support the claim is completely reliable and that it rests on sound principles or values • Logical or scientific • Ethical or forensic-based • Emotional or artistic based • The backing is the assurance that the warrant is sound • Even if the warrant remains unstated, the writer should know what it is, in order to determine if the reader shares those values

  8. The Qualifier • Claim may be valid in many circumstances but not all • used so that all readers would understand how the writer is limiting its range • Rebuttal • Similar to Refutation, except • Aims not to invalidate the claim but to show that the claim may not be valid in certain situations

  9. Exercise 4.1 • Question 1

  10. Exercise 4.2 • Questions 1, 3, 4, 5

  11. Exercise 4.3 • Claim • Data • Warrant • Backing • Qualifier? • Rebuttal?

  12. Toulmin Essay • Using the Toulmin model of argument structure, write a 2 page position paper on the following topic: • Is the internet today’s solution or tomorrow’s menace? • Include prewriting of the: claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal * I will not accept papers with triple-spacing, large fonts, wrong margins, wrong fonts. The papers will be returned and can be resubmitted with a late-penalty as per the syllabus.

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