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Toulmin Argument

Toulmin Argument. Developing a Credible Argument. Claim. Represents a controversial, debatable, and defendable position A CLAIM IS NOT Merely an observation: Many teenagers obsess over their looks. A question Why are people interested in maintaining their right to privacy?.

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Toulmin Argument

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  1. Toulmin Argument Developing a Credible Argument

  2. Claim • Represents a controversial, debatable, and defendable position • A CLAIM IS NOT • Merely an observation: • Many teenagers obsess over their looks. • A question • Why are people interested in maintaining their right to privacy?

  3. Research Question & Claim • YOU NEED A QUESTION to guide your search for sources. • Sometimes your question will change as you learn more about your topic. Your question should become more focused and specific.

  4. Reasons • Expressed in enthymeme statements • A claim needs reasons to convince the audience • List reasons that support your claim • P. 127 • Reasons come from • Experience, anecdotes, facts, Experts

  5. Warrant/Assumptions • Refers to those implied, often unexplored assumptions that make up the claim • Most arguments have more than one warrant • Effective arguments lists those warrants and addresses them to persuade the audience or to minimize the weakness of the argument

  6. Evidence: Backing & Grounds • Backing-supports the warrant • Grounds-supports the claim • The warrant has to be supported so that the claim can be argued

  7. Backing & Grounds • Use PATHOS, ETHOS, VALUES, AND LOGOS for backing the warrant and supporting the claim • P. 134 • Backing the warrant precedes the grounds used to support the claim

  8. Qualifiers • List p. 136 • Used to limit and narrow the argument • Using qualifiers steers the argument away from the hasty generalization fallacy

  9. Conditions of Rebuttal • Opposing viewpoints from the audience • It’s arrogant to assume that your argument is self-evident and agreeable to everyone • An argument reaches a new level of credibility when it addresses its opponent’s viewpoint and SUCCESSFULLY disproves it or complicates the point

  10. Finding the Sources • Begin to analyze arguments from your research sources using the Toulmin model. • Test your paper using the Toulmin guidelines.

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