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CCA Training at Natural Bridge Corn and Small Grains Production

CCA Training at Natural Bridge Corn and Small Grains Production. Morris Bitzer Jim Herbek Chad Lee. Corn. © 2002 University of Kentucky. Corn. Planting Date Plant Population and Row Width Maturity. © 2002 University of Kentucky. Corn. Planting Date Plant Population and Row Width

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CCA Training at Natural Bridge Corn and Small Grains Production

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  1. CCA Training at Natural BridgeCorn and Small Grains Production Morris Bitzer Jim Herbek Chad Lee

  2. Corn © 2002 University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  3. Corn • Planting Date • Plant Population and Row Width • Maturity © 2002 University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  4. Corn • Planting Date • Plant Population and Row Width • Maturity © 2002 University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  5. Date of Planting – Corn and Grain Silage1976 - Lexington University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  6. Corn Planting Depth and Planting Date University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  7. Germination Temperature for Corn • 50 OF at a 2-inch depth for three or four days is excellent. • Soil temperature at 50 OF at 7:00 am or 55 OF at 1:00 should ensure that temperatures are suitable for germination and growth. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  8. Corn Planting Dates in Kentucky Plant an earlier-maturing hybrid if corn planting is delayed after: June 5 A 1% yield loss per day can be expected in corn planted after: May 10-15 From ID-139: A Comprehensive Guide to Corn Management in Kentucky. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  9. Corn • Planting Date • Plant Population and Row Width • Maturity © 2002 University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  10. Population Effect on Corn Yields(Hardin County, Kentucky, 1972-76) University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  11. Corn Hybrid and Population Effect on Grain Yield Population resulting in highest yield varied across hybrids and water regimes. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  12. Hybrid by Population Interactions Duvick D.N., and K.G. Cassman. 1999. Crop Science 39:1622-1630 4,000 plants/A 12,000 plants/A 32,000 plants/A Fig. 2 The relationship between hybrid yield at different plant densities and year of release. Data were obtained from field experiments conducted at three locations in central Iowa in 1994. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  13. Recommended Corn Seeding Rates(Greatest Limiting Factor to Corn Yield) From ID-139: A Comprehensive Guide to Corn Management in Kentucky. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  14. Corn • Planting Date • Plant Population and Row Width • Maturity © 2002 University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  15. Corn Maturity • Calendar Days • Relative to a Standard • Daily and Seasonal Temperatures University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  16. Growing Degree DaysGDD • Adopted in 1970 by Hybrid Seed Corn Industry • GDD – based on the number of heat units necessary for corn to reach physiological maturity University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  17. Example: Daily Temps MAX temp of 70 MIN temp of 52 70 + 52 2 GDD = - 50 OF = 11 86 + 67 2 GDD = - 50 OF = 26.5 GDD for Corn MAX + MIN 2 MAXIMUM: no higher than 86 OF MINIMUM: no lower than 50 OF GDD = - 50 OF Example: Daily Temps MAX temp of 90 MIN temp of 67 University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  18. Corn Relative Maturities(GDD) University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  19. The major factor influencing vegetative development in grain crops is: TEMPERATURE University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  20. Corn – Extension Resources • ID-139: A Comprehensive Guide to Corn Management in Kentucky • U.K. Extension Grain Crops website: • http://www.uky.edu/Ag/GrainCrops/ • For Agents Only: • http://www.uky.edu/Ag/GrainCrops/agents University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  21. Small Grains © 2002 University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  22. Small Grains • Winterhardiness • Seeding Dates • Seeding Rates • Yield Potential Based on Stands University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  23. Winterhardiness SMALL GRAIN WINTER HARDINESS Rye Triticale Wheat Barley Oats University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  24. Small Grain Seeding Dates University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  25. Seeding Rate Guide per Unit Area (ft2) Based on Row Width and Row Length SQUARE FOOT OF ROW = 144 IN2 / ROW WIDTH = LINEAR INCHES OF ROW. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  26. Economic Threshold Wheat Yield Potential Based on Plants Per Square Foot a Multiply by 9 for plants/square yard. b This provides and estimate of the relationship of wheat stand to yield potential and is only a guide. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  27. No-Till Wheat Seeding Rates Should seeding rates be increased for no-till? Probably Not Yes If less than optimum planting conditions, increase seeding rates for no-till wheat by 10-15% (35-40 seeds/ft2). University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  28. The major factor influencing vegetative development in grain crops is: TEMPERATURE University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  29. Small Grains – Extension Resources • ID-125: A Comprehensive Guide to Wheat Management in Kentucky • U.K. Extension Grain Crops website: • http://www.uky.edu/Ag/GrainCrops/ • For Agents Only: • http://www.uky.edu/Ag/GrainCrops/agents University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  30. Grain Crops Website University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  31. Basketball Starts . . . Nov. 25-27, 2002. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  32. Thank You!! © 2002 University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  33. More on Corn University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  34. Effect of Tillage and Planting Date on Corn Yield4 year avg. (1979-1982) 1 Three-year avg. only. 1979 data missing for Early May. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  35. Corn Yield Increases from Genetics Data from Dan Brann, VPI University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  36. Effect of Row Width and Plant Population on Corn Yields(8 location average) *0.10 level for row width, 0.05 level for population. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  37. Row Width Effect on Corn Grain Yield(Non-Irrigated) University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  38. Row Width Effect on Corn Grain Yield(Irrigated) University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  39. Row Width Effect on Corn Yields(Hardin County, Kentucky) University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  40. Corn Hybrid, Row Width and Plant Population Summary Across Years University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  41. Uneven Corn Stands Cost Money • Good stands = 2 inch deviation • Example: • 26,000 seeds on 30 inch row • Equals 1 plant every 8 inches • Good stand is 6 to 10 inches apart • 2.5 bushel lost for every 1 inch increase in deviation • 3 inch deviation = 2.5 bushel loss • 5-inch deviation = 7.5 bushel loss University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  42. Effect of Emergence Delays on Corn Yield • Uneven emergence of: • 10 days = 6 – 9 % loss • 21 days = 10 – 22% loss • 7 days = 5.5% loss • 14 days = 13.2% loss • Primary Causes: • 1. Soil Moisture • 2. Poor soil-to-seed contact (Wisconsin and Illinois research) (Minnesota research) University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  43. Rate and Time of Nitrogen on Corn Yield (bu/A) Corn was seeded no-till into sod. University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  44. 1992 Corn Nitrogen Studies AP = AT PLANTING; TP = TOP DRESSED University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  45. 1992 Corn Nitrogen Studies AP = AT PLANTING; TP = TOP DRESSED YELLOW FONT = MOST EFFICIENT N RATE University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  46. WHAT IT TAKES TO MAKE 200 BUSHEL CORNSummary of 1981 to 1989 Kentucky Corn Champions (More on next slide.) University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  47. WHAT IT TAKES TO MAKE 200 BUSHEL CORNSummary of 1981 to 1989 Kentucky Corn Champions (Continued) University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  48. More on Wheat University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  49. SMALL GRAINS University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

  50. Seeding Rate Guide per Unit Area (ft2) Based on Row Width and Row Length Example: • Target seeding rate = 35 seeds/ft2 • Drill Row Width = 7 inches • For seeding rate of 35 seeds/ft2, you need to calibrate a drill with a 7 inch row width to deliver 35 seeds in a 21 inch length of row (or 20 seeds per foot of row). University of Kentucky Grain Crops Extension

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