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Chapter 12, Section 3

Chapter 12, Section 3. “The Protestant Reformation”. Erasmus and Christian Humanism. Protestant Reformation: religious movement-Catholic and Protestant Martin Luther-began movement---and several earlier developments New classical learning spread to northern Europe- Christian Humanism

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Chapter 12, Section 3

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  1. Chapter 12, Section 3 “The Protestant Reformation”

  2. Erasmus and Christian Humanism • Protestant Reformation: religious movement-Catholic and Protestant • Martin Luther-began movement---and several earlier developments • New classical learning spread to northern Europe-Christian Humanism • Goal---reform of Catholic Church • Believed: ability of humans to reason and improve themselves • People read classics and basic works of Christianity-more religious • 1st thing---change humans, then society/church • Erasmus: best known Christian humanist • Christianity---people live good lives-spread philosophy of Christ • The Praise of Folly-criticized areas in need of reform (monks, change Catholic Church)

  3. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation • Need for change? • Corruption • Popes failed to meet spiritual needs • Too concerned w/ worldly matters • Use of money • Church officials used position to gain money • Couldn’t offer people advice on how to save soul • Indulgences • People wanted to make sure salvation was possible for them • Church sold indulgences • Modern Devotion-need to follow Jesus---people found out clergy not concerned w/ spiritual needs

  4. Martin Luther • Monk/professor in Germany • Lectured the Bible • Humans could never do enough good deeds to earn salvation • Saved through faith in God • Justification by faith alone---chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation • Bible---only source of truth • October 31, 1517: sent list of Ninety Five Theses to church • Attacked Church’s sacraments (kept Eucharist and baptism) • Called for clergy to marry • Wanted to break away • Church excommunicated him • Edict of Worms-made an outlaw w/in empire • Kept in hiding and protected • Gained support of German rulers • Set up new religious services-replaced mass

  5. Politics in the German Reformation • Charles V-Holy Roman Emperor---ruled Spain and colonies • Wanted to keep empire under his control • Wanted to preserve Catholicism ---problems allowed Lutheranism to organize • 1555: Peace of Augsburg: • Formally accepted division of Christianity in Germany • German states allowed to choose • Lutheran states given same rights as Catholic • Rulers could choose-not individuals

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