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Wood Frame Systems

Learn about essential components in traditional wood framed buildings such as insulation, sheathing, siding, and roof trusses. Explore the roles of floor joists, walls, top plates, and more in constructing a sturdy wooden structure.

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Wood Frame Systems

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  1. Wood Frame Systems Common Components of a Traditional Wood Framed Building

  2. Wood Framing Systems • Insulation • Sheathing • Vapor Barrier • Siding • Underlayment • Asphalt Shingles • Floor Joists • Subfloor • Walls • Top Plate • Window Opening • Roof Trusses

  3. Floor Joists • Joists are horizontal structural members used to carry the floor and ceiling loads.

  4. Subfloor • The structural floor joined to the joists supports the finish flooring.

  5. Walls • Stud:The vertical framing member in frame wall construction. • The walls shown are made up of wood 2x4s spaced at 16 in. on center.

  6. Top Plate • A horizontal structure member located on top of the studs used to hold the wall together.

  7. Sole Plate (Sill Plate) • A horizontal structure member located at the bottom the studs used to hold the wall together. • A sole plate also provides a surface for attaching the wall to its supporting structure.

  8. Window Opening • Header:A horizontal structural member used to support other structural members over openings, such as doors and windows. Sill: A horizontal wood member placed at the bottom of walls and openings in walls.

  9. Roof Trusses • Truss: An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles.

  10. Insulation • Material used to restrict the flow of heat or sound from one surface to another.

  11. Sheathing • A covering placed over exterior studs or rafters that serves as a base below the exterior finish materials.

  12. Vapor Barrier • Engineered materials designed to keep out liquid water and prevent air infiltration while allowing water vapor to escape from inside the home.

  13. Siding • Material, such as boards or shingles, used for surfacing the outside walls of a frame building. • Other examples include plywood, hardboard, plastic, vinyl, stucco, brick, or stone.

  14. Underlayment • Roof Felt:A tar-impregnated paper used for water protection under roofing materials.

  15. Asphalt Shingles • Roof shingles made of asphalt-saturated felt and covered with mineral granules.

  16. Wood Framing Systems • Insulation • Sheathing • Vapor Barrier • Siding • Underlayment • Asphalt Shingles • Floor Joists • Subfloor • Walls • Top Plate • Window Opening • Roof Trusses

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