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Approach and Landing Accidents Reducing the Risk

Approach and Landing Accidents Reducing the Risk. Presented by Bryan W. Neville Aviation Safety Inspector. Risk Awareness. The key is Understanding. Types of Accidents. CFIT Mountains/Hills Landing Long Landing Short Landing Hard Runway Excursions. Causal Factors.

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Approach and Landing Accidents Reducing the Risk

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  1. Approach and Landing AccidentsReducing the Risk Presented by Bryan W. Neville Aviation Safety Inspector

  2. Risk Awareness • The key is Understanding

  3. Types of Accidents • CFIT • Mountains/Hills • Landing Long • Landing Short • Landing Hard • Runway Excursions

  4. Causal Factors • 1. Omission of Action or Inappropriate Action by the Flight Crew • (1. For Air Carriers: “Poor Professional Judgment”) • 2. Lack of Positional Awareness-Horizontal • 3. Failure to Crosscheck and Coordinate • 4. Lack of Positional Awareness-Vertical • 5. Poor Aircraft Handling • 6. Slowed/Delayed Crew Action

  5. Risk Awareness • Flight Crew • Airport Services and Equipment • Approach • Go-around • Environment • Aircraft Equipment

  6. Flight Crew • Duty Period • Reduced Alertness • Fatigue • Flight Hours • Sedentary Activity • Number in Crew • Single Pilot • Two Pilot • Additional Crewmembers

  7. Crew Briefing • Single Pilot • Say it out loud! • Single Pilot with Passenger(s) • Two Pilot

  8. Airport Services and Equipment • Approach Radar Service • Minimum Vectoring Altitude • Tower Service • “I’m unfamiliar with the area” • Local Weather Report • Operating at the Time of Arrival • AWOS/ASOS/ATIS/Observer • Familiar/Unfamiliar Airport • Physical Situation

  9. Airport Services and Equipment • Familiar/Unfamiliar Procedures • Landmarks/Obstruction Avoidance/Noise • Approach and Runway Lights • Review AIM • Approach Slope Guidance • VASI • PAPI • ILS • Foreign Destination • Language

  10. Approach • Visual Approach • Day vs. Night • Nonprecision Approach • Step-down Fixes • Circling Procedure • Runway Change • No Published STAR

  11. Go-around • Go-around • Terminating an approach to land, for any reason • Missed Approach • Termination of an Instrument Approach • Rejected Landing • Terminating an approach to land, after the crew has made the decision to land • Rejected Landing with Power at Idle • Balked Landing

  12. Environment • Terrain • Mountainous • Hilly • Flat, but Sloping • Lots of Lights • Lack of Lights

  13. Environment • Visibility Restrictions • Darkness • Fog • Haze • IMC • Low Light (No Moon) • Mist • Smoke • Looking into the Sun

  14. Environment • Visual Illusions • “Black Hole” • Sloping Terrain • Wet Runway • Whiteout/Snow

  15. Environment • Wind Conditions • Crosswind • Gusts • Tailwind • Wind Shear • Microburst

  16. Environment • Runway Conditions • Ice • Slush • Snow • Water • Cold Temperature Effects • True Altitude lower than Indicated Altitude • Density Altitude • Turns to Final

  17. Aircraft Equipment • GPWS/EGPWS/GCAS/TAWS • Radio Altimeter • Always set 200 Feet or Higher • TCAS • Wind Shear Warning System • Altimeter • Vertical Speed Indicator • GPS/Moving Maps

  18. Summary • Almost all Approach and Landing Accidents are Pilot Induced. • Almost all Approach and Landing Accidents are Preventable. • Pilots should remember that all flights end with the aircraft touching the ground. • How they touch is up to the pilot!

  19. Any Questions?

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