1 / 48

Establishing a New Country and Government

Establishing a New Country and Government. Social Studies Survey Articles of Confederation to the Constitution. Ways Government Distributes Power. All key powers are held by the central government. State/regional authorities hold most of the power. Federal. Confederation. Unitary.

theresia
Download Presentation

Establishing a New Country and Government

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Establishing a New Country and Government Social Studies Survey Articles of Confederation to the Constitution

  2. Ways Government Distributes Power All key powers are held by the central government State/regional authorities hold most of the power Federal Confederation Unitary Strong central government Weaker central government

  3. Government Systems • Unitary System: system of government that gives all key power to the national or central government. • Examples: Early Great Britain and France

  4. Unitary Ways Government Distributes Power RegionalAuthority RegionalAuthority CentralAuthority RegionalAuthority RegionalAuthority

  5. Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea List of Unitary States Afghanistan Albania Abkhazia Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile People's Republic of China Colombia Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa)

  6. Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Maldives List of Unitary States Eritrea Estonia Fiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati

  7. Romania Rwanda Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino São Tomé and Príncipe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia List of Unitary States Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger North Korea Norway Oman Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar

  8. Zambia Zimbabwe List of Unitary States Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Syria Republic of China (Taiwan) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Vietnam Yemen

  9. Federal System • government that divides the powers between the national and state or provincial governments. • Examples: United States, Canada, and Russia

  10. Federation / Federal Ways Government Distributes Power RegionalAuthority RegionalAuthority Central Authority RegionalAuthority RegionalAuthority

  11. List of countries with Federal Governments (24) Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Canada Comoros Ethiopia Germany India Malaysia Mexico Micronesia Nigeria Pakistan Russia St. Kitts and Nevis South Africa Spain Switzerland United Arab Emirates United States of America Venezuela Countries in Transition to Federalism Iraq Sudan Countries Considering a Federal System Sri Lanka

  12. Confederation • a loose union of indepen-dent states

  13. Confederation Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority CentralAuthority Regional Authority Regional Authority

  14. Articles of Confederation • First adopted by Continental Congress in 1777 • Ratified- approved, in March 1781 • States wanted a confederation among the 13 states instead of a strong national government • Congress was the entire government; no federal executive or court

  15. Government Under the Articles Cont. • Congress had only powers expressed in the Articles • All other power remained with the States

  16. Powers of Congress under Articles • Make War and Peace • Send and receive ambassadors • Enter into treaties • Raise and equip a navy • Maintain army by help of states • Appoint senior military officers • Fix standard of weights and measures • Regulate Indian affairs • Establish Post offices • Decide certain disputes among states

  17. Weaknesses of the Articles • Congress did not have the power to levy or collect taxes • It could only raise money by borrowing or requesting money

  18. Weaknesses 2) Congress has no power to enforce treaties

  19. Weaknesses 3) Every state, despite its size, has one vote

  20. Weaknesses 4) Congress did not have the power to regulate commerce

  21. Weaknesses 5) Amending the articles required all consent of all states • The articles were never amended

  22. Land Ordninaces • Greatest achievement was of a land policy for lands west of Appalachia • Individual states ceded or yielded their claims to the central government • Congress enacted two land Ordinances- laws

  23. Land Ordinances • Ordinance of 1785- survey and division of West lands by townships • Northwest Ordinance of 1787- territories to be developed for statehood on equal basis w/old states

  24. Policy of Northwest Ordinance • Single territory with Pennsylvania, Ohio River, Mississippi River, and Great Lakes as boundaries • 5,000 adults- ability to elect an assembly • 60,000 adults- apply for statehood on equal basis as older states

  25. Achievements of the Articles • Provided a government to get us through American Revolution • In 1783, negotiated a peace treaty with Great Britain and recognized American Independence • 4 Cabinet departments: Foreign Affairs, War, Marine, and Treasury

  26. Need for a Stronger Government • States quarrel over boundary lines and deal with foreign nations • 1787 government owed $40 million to foreign governments and Revolutionary war vets

  27. Shays’s Rebellion • Armed groups of farmers, led by Daniel Shays, closed courts to prevent farms from being foreclosed • Were advancing to arsenal in Springfield before they were met by 4,000 militia • People began to wonder if a stronger government was necessary

  28. Quote from History • “This dreadful situation has alarmed every man of principle and property in New England. What will give us security against the violence of lawless men? Our government must be (strengthened), changed, or altered to secure our lives and property.” ----Henry Knox

  29. The Annapolis Convention (1786) • Concerned about problems between the states of Maryland and Virginia, George Washington called the Mount Vernon Convention to discuss commerce • When only 5 delegates showed up, Alexander Hamilton proposed they meet again in 1787 at Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation

  30. Constitutional Convention • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcbD8 • John Greene Crash Course #8

  31. Interesting Facts of the Convention • 55 total delegates • Oldest delegate and signer: Benjamin Franklin • President of Convention: George Washington • “Father of the Constitution”: James Madison • All meetings were closed • Rhode Island was last state to ratify Constitution • Constitution finished and signed on September 17, 1787.

  32. Key Agreements • Limited and Representative Government • Power divided between 3 branches • Limit power of state to coin money • Strengthen National Government

  33. Bundle of Compromises 5 Compromises that changed our national identity and government http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/ushisgov/themes/government/convention.htm

  34. Connecticut (Great) Compromise 1) Virginia Plan (bigger states)- • Scrap Articles • Congress has two houses (each based on Population) 2) New Jersey Plan (smaller states)- • equality for smaller states • Congress has single house • keep Articles but create stronger central government

  35. Connecticut (Great) Compromise Cont. • Legislature have two parts: • House of Representatives-based on population • Senate-Two per state (elected by state legislators)

  36. Three-Fifths Compromise • 1/3 of southern states were African American • South wanted to count slaves as population but not for taxes, North wanted opposite • 3/5 of the enslaved people would be counted for both taxes and population

  37. Compromise on Slave Trade • North wanted government to regulate trade with other nations, South afraid they would interfere with slave trade • Could not ban slave trade till 1808

  38. Compromise on Commerce • Congress regulated interstate and foreign commerce • Could not impose export taxes because South feared Congress would cripple their economy

  39. Compromise on Executive (Presidency) • Electoral College System: indirect election of president by state electors • Presidents will serve 4 year terms • No limit on term limits (will be changed with 22 amendment in 1951)

  40. Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Federalist View Anti-Federalist View • Favored the Constitution • Merchants and Cities • Strong national government • Bill of Rights not needed, 8 states already had one • Opposed the Constitution • Farmers and Laborers • Constitution drafted in secrecy • Extralegal (not sanctioned by law) • States Rights • Wanted a Bill of Rights

  41. People in the Debate Federalist Anti-Federalist

More Related