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ELEMENTE DE GEOGRAFIE POLITICA Part 2

ELEMENTE DE GEOGRAFIE POLITICA Part 2. limitele teritoriului de stat. Granite naturale Granite conventionale. GRANITELE (frontierele). - Suprafata Terrei: 510 072 000 kmp din care uscat:148,94 mil kmp (29,2%) apa: 361 132 kmp( 70,8%) -Lungimea granitelor pe uscat: 250 708 km

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ELEMENTE DE GEOGRAFIE POLITICA Part 2

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  1. ELEMENTE DE GEOGRAFIE POLITICA Part 2

  2. limitele teritoriului de stat Granite naturale Granite conventionale GRANITELE (frontierele)

  3. -Suprafata Terrei: 510 072 000 kmp din care uscat:148,94 mil kmp (29,2%) apa: 361 132 kmp( 70,8%) -Lungimea granitelor pe uscat: 250 708 km 2 state se invecineaza fiecare cu cate 14 state: China si Rusia -44 state si teritorii nu au iesire la mare

  4. 94 state si teritorii sunt insule si nu se invecineaza cu niciun alt stat (decat la nivelul apelor teritoriale): American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan

  5. Granite naturale obstacole naturale intre state au, in general, un traseu sinuos rauri, fluvii, lacuri, fasii maritime; creste muntoase

  6. Stabilite intre state in doua moduri: de comun acord, prin negocieri si tratate internationale Impuse cu forta in urma unor conflicte intre state se traseaza pe harti si apoi pe Au traseu: Sinuos (linii curbe) Rectiliniu:de-a lungul paralelelor si/sau meridianelor de linii frante GRANITE CONVENTIONALE

  7. STATELE CU CELE MAI LUNGI GRANITE: China 13,759 miles Russia 12,514 miles Brazil 9,129 miles India 8,763 miles USA 7,611 miles Democratic Republic of Congo 6,382 miles Argentina 6,006 miles Canada 5,526 miles Mongolia 5,042 miles Sudan 4,783 miles

  8. Cea mai lunga frontiera intre 2 state: Canada - SUA , 8.893 km (nepazita), de-a lungul paralelei de 490 lat N

  9. Rusia: 57 000 km de granita cu 14 tari diferite: Coreea de Nord, China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ucraina, Belarus, Letonia, Estonia, Finlanda, Norvegia, Lituania, Polonia

  10. Pozitia geografica si traseul frontierelor determina forma statelor; State alungite in lungul unor lanturi muntoase sau tarmuri: Chile, Argrntina, Somalia, Nepal State extinse de-a lungul unor zone climatice: Rusia, Canada, SUA, State cu forma cvasicirculara: Romania State cu forma poligonala: Franta State cu forma suprapusa unor bazine hidrografice:Venezuela, Pakistan State -continent: Australia State –peninsula: India, Turcia State- insula: Madagascar, Islanda, Nauru State-arhipelag: Indonezia, UK State continental-insulare: Grecia, Italia, Danemarca State enclava; Leshoto, Swaziland

  11. Statele ocupa supr.diferite pe cont. si insule. SINGURULcontinent neteritorializat (fara state) este ANTARCTICA Marimea teritoriului influenteaza: evolutia si dezv. ec. si soc. a statelor, organizarea administrativa, repartitia geografica si densitatea populatiei, sistemul de cai de comunicatii si transporturi, etc. Cu cat e mai extins un stat are o mai mare varietate de cond. si resurse Clasificarea statelor dupa marimea teritoriului

  12. 1.) state cu dimensiuni continentale, >7 mil km2 ) • impreuna, ocupa 42% din suprafata uscatului Terrei

  13. 2.) state f. mari (1-3 mil km2)

  14. 3.) state mari (500 km2 - 1 mil km2) Tanzania Nigeria Venezuela Namibia Mozambic Pakistan Turcia Chile Zambia Myanmar Afganistan Somalia Franta R. Central Africana Ucraina Madagascar Botswana Kenia Yemen Thailanda Spania

  15. 4. state mijlocii (500 km2 -100 000 km2 55 state, inclusiv Romania Ex: Turkmenistan 488 100 km2 Islanda 103 000 km2

  16. 4. state mici (10 000 - 100 000 km2) Ex: Corea: 99 678 km2 Liban: 10 452 km2

  17. 5. state f. mici (<10 000 km2) 1 Vatican: 0,44 km2 ; 1000 loc. 2 Monaco: 1,95 km2 ; 32 000loc 3 San Marino: 60,57km2 ; 30 000 loc 4 Liechtenstein: 160km2 ; 30 000loc 5 Andorra: 430 km2 ; 70 000 loc

  18. POPULATIA CU TOATE CARACTERISTICILE EI GEOEMOGRAFICE NATIUNEA forma istorica de comunitate umana, caract. prin unitatea de: teritoriu limba viata sociala cultura si civilizatie Componenta demografica

  19. Statele cel mai putin populate • 1. Vatican City – Europa – 826 loc • 2. Tuvalu – Pacific – 12 373 • 3. Nauru – Pacific – 14 019 • 4. Palau – Pacific – 20 000 • 5. San Marino – Europa – 30,167 • 6. Monaco – Europa – 32 9657. • 7.Liechtenstein – Europa – 35 446 • 8. Saint Kitts and Nevis – Caribbean- 52 000 • 9. Marshall Islands – Pacific –62 000 • 10. Dominica – Caribbean – 72 660

  20. -Forma de guvernamant -Regimul politic - Forma de organizare interna 3.componenta politico- administrativa

  21. Clasificarea statelor dupa forma de guvernamant Kuwait Spania Iordania

  22. FORMA DE GUVERNAMANT Monarhie Republica

  23. Monarhii constitutionale Monarhii absolute SUVERANUL/MONARHUL: Imparat (Japonia) Rege (UK,Spania, Suedia, Arabia Saudita, Iordania, Lesotho, Sultan (Brunei, Oman) Emir (Kuwait, Oman, EAU) Print (Monaco,Liechetenstein) Mare Duce (Luxemburg) MONARHIILE

  24. monarchy  Commonwealth realm (state foste sau actuale teritorii dependente de coroana britanica) -constitutionalmonarchy -Absolute monarchy -Monarchy in some subnational entities

  25. MONARHII ABSOLUTE Brunei · Saudi Arabia· Swaziland · Vatican

  26. MONARHII CONSTITUTIONALE Italics red indicate Commonwealth realms, of which the monarch of the United Kingdom is Head of State. Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Andorra · Bahamas· Bahrain · Barbados · Belize · Belgium · Bhutan · Cambodia · Canada · Denmark · Grenada · Jamaica· Japan · Jordan · Kuwait · Liechtenstein · Lesotho · Luxembourg · Malaysia · Monaco · Morocco · Netherlands · NewZealand · Norway · Oman · Papua New Guinea · Qatar · Spain · Saint Kitts and Nevis· Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Solomon Islands · Sweden · Thailand · Tonga · Tuvalu · United Arab Emirates · United Kingdom

  27. MONARHII ELECTIVE Andorra · Cambodgia · Kuwait · Malaysia · Swaziland  · Vatican

  28. Subnationale (provincii/regiuni in cadrul unor state) Ghana Ashanti · Dagbon Uganda Ankole · Buganda · Bunyoro · Busoga · Toro

  29. republici prezidentiale parlamentare REPUBLICILE

  30. red - presidential republics, full presidential system green - presidential republics, executive presidency linked to a parliament olive - presidential republics, semi-presidential system orange – parliamentaryrepublics brown - republics whose constitutions grant only a single party the right to govern

  31. Regimul politic State cu regim politic democratic Alegeri libere Pluripartitism Drepturi si libertati cetatenesti Stat de drept State cu regim politic autoritar/dictatorial Partid unic Limitarea/nerespectarea drepturilor si libertatilor cetatenesti REGIMUL POLITIC

  32. CLASIF. ST DUPA ORGANIZAREA AD-TIVA INTERNA STATE UNITARE STATE FEDERATIVE( FEDERATII)

  33. STATELE UNITARE Unitatile ad-tive au o autonomie mai redusa, ele se subordoneaza guvernului central Legislatia nationala este valabila si obligatorie peste tot STATELE FEDERALE FEDERATII- stat format prin asocierea a 2 sau mai multe state care au un statut egal in cadrul acesteia Sunt autonome Au organizare, legislatie si conducere proprie Se supun atat legislatiei federale cat si celei proprii

  34. SUA Canada Australia Germania Federatia Rusa Elvetia Mexic State federale exemple India Malaysia Nigeria

  35. CLASIFICAREA STATELORDUPA GRADUL DE DEZVOLTARE ECONOMICA • Valoarea PIB/tara;loc • Consumul de energie • Valoarea exporturilor

  36. 1. STATE PUTERNIC DEZVOLTATE • Forta financiara si tehnologica • Pozitii cheie in economia mondiala • Controleaza comertul mondial

  37. 2. STATE RECENT INDUSTRIALIZATE(emergente) • Tari cu potential natural si uman important, care auinvestit, in ultimele decenii, mari resurse financiare in dezvoltarea tehologica si industriala

  38. 3.TARI IN DEZVOLTARE • State de pe toate cont care fac eforturi importante pentru dezvoltarea economica

  39. GLOBALIZAREA

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