EuCARD EuroNNAc Workshop Summary Session 1: Introductory Presentations P. Collier

1. EuCARD EuroNNAc WorkshopSummary Session 1:Introductory Presentations P. Collier

2. Goals of the Network and Workshop R. Assmann • Accelerator R&D as Driver of Innovation R. Heuer • History and Outlook for Plasma Acceleration T. Toshi • Modern Lasers and Novel Acceleration Methods G. Mourou • Accelerator R&D for Particle physics S. Myers • Status Report Asia Z. Sheng • Status and Plans US (Beam Driven) M. Hogan • Status and Plans US (Laser Driven) E. Esarey Session Presentations Very Dense session … A huge amount of information to compress into a short summary

3. Workshop and Network Goals • The dream: • Build accelerators 100-1000 times more compact. • A compact synchrotron light accelerator (FEL, …) for each university lab and industry! • Compact (and affordable) TeV colliders for high energy physics. • Compact medical accelerators. Plasma walls cannot be destroyed! Conventional metallic RF structures are fundamentally limited! P.Collier Session 1 Summary

4. … but also very diverse Identify synergies Plasma Science Laser Science • Many challenges: • Different notations, language and scientific cultures. • Different goals (scientific achievement versus building operational accelerators). • More centralized “big science” versus more decentralized university-based research. • Complex, inter-disciplinary science problems. EuroNNAc European proposal for facility Build bridges European Network for Novel Accelerators Ultra-fast Science Accelerator Science Define roadmap P.Collier Session 1 Summary

5. Network Goals • Comparison of different methodsto drive plasma wakefields and dielectric structures: lasers, electron beams, proton beams. • Description of required R&Dthat is still needed for verifying various technologies and establishing the required technological basis. • Roadmap towards a novel beam test facility with first test applications(medical, synchrotron, ultra-fast science). • Roadmap towards high energy physics applications with intermediate applications for applied science. • How can a 1 – 10 GeV beam test facility be best used for developing ultra-high gradient technology for high energy physics? • Coordination of European expertisetowards one or several test facilities, including close collaboration with the US and Asian communities. P.Collier Session 1 Summary

6. P.Collier Session 1 Summary

7. Accelerator R&D Driving Innovation Large scientificprojectsstimulate innovation • Space : Apollo missions, Space Station, Pioneer/Voyager Missions • ParticlePhysics : accelerators in general • At CERN : LEP, LHC Pushing back the frontiers of technology. CERN Examples: • Superconductivity, magnets, cryogenics, vacuum, survey/metrology. • Transport and installation of heavyequipment. • Solid-state detectors resistant to high-intensity radiation. • Large-scaleindustrial control systems. • Electronic and information systems. • Project management and co-ordination. all topics addressed in accelerator systems P.Collier Session 1 Summary

8. Basic Research Accelerators are excellent tools for innovation since they tend to push the envelope of what is technically possible in a wide range of domains • Research and Training in Accelerator Science provides a variety of science • opportunities and possibilities for interdisciplinary work • Development of innovative acceleration techniques, such as those based on lasers, will enhance connection between diverse scientific and engineering domains and strengthen relations to industry • Besides discovering the secrets of the Universe … a beam of the right particles with the right energy at the right intensity can shrink a tumour, produce cleaner energy, spot suspicious cargo, make a better radial tire, clean up dirty drinking water, map a protein, study a nuclear explosion, design new drug, make a heat resistant automotive cable, diagnose a decease, reduce nuclear waste, detect an art forgery, implant ions in a semi-conductor, prospect oil, date an archeological find, or package a Christmas turkey.*) *) (Accelerators for America’s Future, DOE) P.Collier Session 1 Summary

9. Accelerators have become an indispensible component of particle physics research and discovery. • Fundamental research in particlephysicsstimulates people to search for novel solutions as well as putting together new global collaborations. • Each new accelerator and each new detector is a prototype, always unique in its type, and whichrequires the application of new technologies and methodologies. • Innovative solutions for variousproblems are developed in collaboration withindustry, solutions whichresultoften in productswithmuchadded value. • As in the past, the accelerators of particle physics can and should play their role as spearheads in discovery, innovation and global collaboration, now and in the future. P.Collier Session 1 Summary

10. (CERN) Accelerator R&D for Particle Physics • R&D / Test Facilities for enhancing the performance of the existing machines • Major Upgrade projects at CERN – HL-LHC, LIU • High Field Magnets, Superconducting Links, SCRF (Crab Cavities) • Collimation, Machine Protection, Radiation Hard Electronics • HiRadMat Facility • Extensions to existing facilities – HIE-Isolde • SCRF • Preparation for the next generation of accelerators • Linear Collider studies at the energy frontier • CLIC and ILC • SPL – high intensity proton driver, Beta-beams … • SCRF • Novel Acceleration techniques • Use of CERN Facilities – or new test facilities P.Collier Session 1 Summary

11. Collimation Compact 400MHz Crab Cavities TQS LQS-4m SQ SM LARP (US LHC program) Magnets HIE – ISOLDE project Cavity successfully sputtered and tested at CERN in dedicated cryostat LR LHC pipe1 R&D New Collimator Materials HQ TQC LHC pipe2 New idea for a very compact elliptical 800 MHz 194mm

12. Testing Facilities Possibilities to develop test facilities based on the extensive (and Unique) infrastructure at CERN • Foreseen clients : LHC collimators, machine components (dumps, windows, vacuum pipe coatings), material studies (bulk, superconductors(!)), high-power targets … HiRadMat • Facility to study the impact of intense pulsed beams on materials • material damage even below melting point • material vaporization (extreme conditions) • Radiation damage to materials – change of properties • Thermal shock - beam induced pressure waves • Uses an LHC-type (25ns) beam extracted from SPS • 440 GeV/c proton beam, 3.4MJ max pulse energy, variable spot size • Ion beams can be used as well: 173.5 GeV/n Pb82+ P.Collier Session 1 Summary

13. CERN Interest in Novel Acceleration Research "CERN is very interested in following and participating in novel acceleration techniques, and has as a first step agreed to make protons available for the study of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration." Steve Myers CERN Director of Accelerators & Technology 4 October 2010 P.Collier Session 1 Summary

14. History and Outlook for Plasma Acceleration • Brief history of collective acceleration: • Collectively driven wakefields: emerging tools for HEP • (both by charged bunches and laser pulses) • Broad applications of LWFA (and lasers) • HEP(colliders, XFEL, ion sources, ion acceleration, • γγ collider) • cancer therapy (IORT), • ultrafast radiolysis, THz, X-ray sources,…. • Bridge between laser and accelerator communities: • ICUIL-ICFA collaboration, Bridgelab, EuCARD,…. • Collider physics challenges • Laser technology development for colIiders. e.g. ICAN • Energy frontier at PeV with attosecondmetrology P.Collier Session 1 Summary

15. Electron injection can be controlled using a two-stage gas cell Ionization-induced injection from the N2 terminates after the injector stage • Filling only the injector gives a low energy, broad spectrum feature • Filling both stages produces high energy, high quality electron beams 100% He 99.5% He, 0.5% N2 Integrated Plasma Emission Accelerator Injector Two-stage gas cell LWFA experiments Length (mm) 800nm Laser 0 1 7 3 4 6 2 5 8 50 TW Plasma Emission Gas Cell • The electron density throughout the cell is measured with interferometry to be 3x1018 cm-3 • No self-trapping is observed in pure He for densities below 4x1018 cm-3 The electron beams are dispersed by a ~0.5 T dipole magnet Plasma emission imaging indicates that N2 is only present in the injector stage B.B. Pollock et.al., submitted 2011

16. Laser driven collider concept P.Collier Session 1 Summary

17. 100J/10Hz Luli 100MW High Energy Physics 10 M J LMJ/NIF Etat de l’Art HEEAUP 2005 Wahoo 1 M J Laser Fusion 15MW 1 kW de puissance moyenne 100 k J LIL Linear Accelerator 100MW 10 k J 1 k J LULI 2000 pico 2000 150J/.1Hz Jena LULI Energie par impulsion 100 J 1 W de puissance moyenne 10 J LULI 100TW 1 J Commercial 0,1 J 104 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 10 2 10 10 10 10 10 1 10 Taux de répetition (Hz) G. Mourou (2005)

18. Search for High Average Power and Efficient Driver Laser Thin Disk Fiber Amplifier Best option at the moment appears to be the Fibre Amplifier

19. The CAN concept  Laser concept based on a diode-pumped fiber network of femtosecond pulses  Device possibly based on standard, cheap and reliable telecom components • Laser architecture allowinghighpeak / highaveragepowers are desired for future societal application • Coherentcombiningdemonstrated for CW regime, few experiments in ns regime, no resultsyet in fsregime • Coherent combining required for some application not for all of them Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, Jan 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh P.Collier Session 1 Summary

20. International Coherent Amplification Initiative (ICAN) Different communities joining their efforts towards the collaborative evaluation of the fiber CAN concept as one of the possible solutions for the next laser-based driver generation: • Laser & fibre communities • High energy physics community Final goal : definition, conception, design and realisation of such a laser  Now in a shortlist in EU (March, 2011) P.Collier Session 1 Summary

21. Status Reports:AsiaUS (Beam Driven)US (Laser Driven) P.Collier Session 1 Summary

22. GIST-APRI, Korea ASIA CAS-IOP, China CAEP-LFRC, China 280TW 720TW 300TW Potential for laser acceleration in Asia: >8 labs having >100TW lasers CAS-SIOM, China 890TW JAEA-KPSI, Japan 100TW 150TW RRCAT, India 100TW NCU, Taiwan P.Collier Session 1 Summary

23. Some Activities P.Collier Session 1 Summary

24. The Asian community on laser plasma acceleration is growing both in theory/simulation and experiments. A few more new laser facilities are planned or under constructions. • There have been a lot of collaboration in this field between different labs/groups from Asian countries. • Potential applications of laser-driven particle beams and radiation sources are attracting significant attention among Asian research groups. • A vibrant and active community!! P.Collier Session 1 Summary

25. USA (Beam Driven) P.Collier Session 1 Summary

26. Exciting time for Plasma Driven Wakefield Acceleration in the US Science at the Facilities driven by National Lab-University Collaborations P.Collier Session 1 Summary

27. US (Laser Driven) Large number of Labs and Institutes involved Several Facilities with multi-100TW-PW installations Involved in Laser Plasma Accelerator research P.Collier Session 1 Summary

28. Some (few) activities P.Collier Session 1 Summary

29. P.Collier Session 1 Summary

30. Conclusions (session, or Workshop?) • A Vibrant and Active Field – progress is being made in labs throughout the world • However, there is a huge diversity of studies and developments • Developments in the US and in Asia are impressive • Basic research facilities drives innovation. Innovation is needed for basic research accelerators! • However, it is not clear that we are ready to tackle a real machine at the energy frontier – forget the PeV’s and and concentrate on the GeV’s!! • All the pieces are in place to start preparing the roadmap for a real facility: • Test the concept in anger for a facility that has to produce science • Tailor the facility as both a useful science base AND a proof of principle • ~10GeV Synchrotron Light Source? • Europe can play a role in bringing together the active groups in preparing this roadmap • CERN is ready to play a part. P.Collier Session 1 Summary