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The Digestive System. Food, Food, Food is the Word. Function. To break down food into smaller molecules (nutrients) that the body can use Carbohydrates Simple Sugars Proteins Amino Acids Fats Glycerol and Fatty Acids
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The Digestive System Food, Food, Food is the Word
Function • To break down food into smaller molecules (nutrients) that the body can use • Carbohydrates Simple Sugars • Proteins Amino Acids • Fats Glycerol and Fatty Acids • To get rid of solid wastes that remain after nutrients have been extracted
Types of Digestion • Mechanical: • PHYSICAL breakdown of food • EX. Chewing • Chemical: • CHEMICAL breakdown of food by enzymes or other digestive juices • EX: Amylase found in saliva breaks down Carbs
The Path of Digestion Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Accessory Organs Pancreas Liver Gall Bladder
Path of Digestion: Mouth • Begins the breakdown of food • Types of Digestion: • Mechanical: • Chewing (Teeth and Tongue) • Chemical: • Saliva that contains enzymes • Molecules that are digested: • Carbohydrates (Enzyme = Amylase) Swallowing Animation
Path of Digestion: Esophagus • Brings food from mouth to stomach • Food is now called a BOLUS • Epiglottis: • Flap of tissue at back of throat that prevents food from entering the wind-pipe • Peristalsis: • Wave-like contractions that move bolus to stomach Click Here for animation
Path of Digestion: Stomach • Further breaks down bolus for nutrient extraction • Types of Digestion: • Chemical Digestion: • Gastric juices (VERY ACIDIC) containing enzymes breakdown: • Continued digestion of Carbohydrates • First PROTEIN digestion • Mechanical Digestion: • Churn, Churn, Churn! • Bolus turned to CHYME
Path of Digestion: Small Intestine • Further breaks down chyme for nutrient absorption by blood stream • S.I. lined with tiny projections called VILLI • Villi contain capillaries that absorb nutrients into blood stream • Nutrients move into blood stream by what process (Think H to L!)? • DIFFUSION!!!!!!!!! • Type of digestion: • Chemical Only: • Continued digestion of Carbohydrates • Continued digestion of Proteins • First FAT digestion
Helper (Accessory) Organs • Food DOES NOT pass through these organs • These organs secrete substances to aid in digestion • Pancreas: • Secretes enzymes into S.I for digestion • Secretes a base into S.I. to neutralize stomach acid WHY?? • So digestive enzymes aren’t denatured and can work! • Liver: • Produces and secretes BILE that breaks down fats • Gall Bladder: • Stores the bile
Path of Digestion: Large Intestine • Removes WATER from undigested chyme • Lined with bacteria (E. coli) • Proper water absorption is necessary to keep you regular! • Not enough water absorbed = DIARRHEA • Too much water absorbed = CONSTIPATION • Final stop for undigested material…the anus!
