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Development of Alternatives to Cooperative Mergers and Federated Structures Bruce J. Reynolds USDA/Rural Development/Cooperative Programs NCERA-210 Nov. 7, 2012 Cooperative Programs surveyed in 2007 about “other ownership structures”
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Development of Alternatives to Cooperative Mergers and Federated Structures • Bruce J. Reynolds USDA/Rural Development/Cooperative Programs • NCERA-210 Nov. 7, 2012 • Cooperative Programs surveyed in 2007 about “other ownership structures” • (http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/supportdocuments/CoopMag-nov08.pdf) • Another survey in 2010 added joint venture participation with non-cooperatives • Mailing problems & survey design problems in not identifying names of joint ventures • Follow-up telephone survey in 2011 to produce a report • (http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/supportdocuments/RR226.pdf )
Table 2- Distribution of centralized cooperatives’ joint ventures and subsidiaries, 2007 • There are 206 centralized cooperatives with ventures. The sum of separate reporting of • joint ventures and subsidiaries is 221 cooperatives, indicating that 15 have both types of ventures.
Table 3 – Distribution of centralized cooperatives' joint ventures & subsidiaries, 2010/11 * Duplicate joint ventures by reporting co-ops are included. ** There are 180 centralized co-ops reporting ventures. The sum of co-ops reporting joint ventures and subsidiaries is 195, indicating 15 have both types of ventures.
Figure 1—Organizational form for separate business ventures, 2010/11
Figure 2—Composition of joint venture partners with cooperatives, 2010/11
Figure 3 - Percentage share of ownership by cooperatives in joint ventures, 2010/11
There were 38 federated and 20 mixed cooperatives in 2010. • By the 1980s multi-commodity and farm supply federated cooperatives • were “full service”– doing all things for all members. • While federated co-ops have declined in number, they have expanded • their membership regions, and are focused on the things they do well. • Centralized co-ops have increased their size from merging and • capturing business from exiting firms. • Centralized co-ops form subsidiaries or joint ventures to address specific • weaknesses of one or two operating divisions. • Joint ventures are a means of delaying or avoiding more mergers. • More willingness to joint venture with non-cooperatives and the potential • for flexibility in partners is an attractive feature of using an LLC.