Mobile social and spontaneous networks

1. Mobile social and spontaneous networks Sheikh Omer Tariq – 6898271stari076@uottawa.caSubmitted toProfessor Ivan Stojmenovic in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Wireless networks and mobile computing - CSI5169

2. Agenda Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

3. Introduction Social network should be defined as group of people with some pattern of contacts and interaction between them forming social relationships Social Networks have attracted billions of active users under major online social network (OSN) systems such as Facebook, etc. These systems allow people with common interests to come together and form virtual communities. Nowadays these online social networks are increasingly used on mobile devices thus forming a new field of mobile social networks. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

4. Mobile social network Mobile social networks has been introduced by combining concepts from two disciplines social network and mobile communications. Due to the availability of smart phones mobile social network can fully take advantage of human interaction by delivering efficient and effective data delivery services . A mobile social network can be established on any existing centralized or distributed mobile network. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

5. Types of mobile social network There are broadly classified into two types • WEB- based MSN: • The mobile users can communicate with a web based application through internet provided by wireless connectivity. • Generally web based MSN is based on a centralized communication structure. • There are numerous web based MSN application such as “iPhone Facebook App” • Decentralized MSN: • In a decentralized MSN a group of mobile users is formed to disseminate data among them without connecting to a centralized server. • Such connectivity is best defined where users exchange and share information when they come in contact using wireless technologies such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. • “Eye Vibe” is a video and chat community on mobile devices where users can share or transfer videos with the mobile community. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

6. Components of mobile social network Mobile devices are the ones that users carry to access the content from social groups, present in centralized, Distributed and Hybrid MSN. Network Infrastructure includes cellular network base stations and access points providing communication between source and destination it is also present in all types of MSN. Content Providers servers used for storing and distributing the social content using network infrastructure to make it available for mobile users .They are only present in centralized and hybrid MSN Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

7. Architecture Centralized MSN: Centralized server is used to share ,exchange and deliver data between content provider and mobile users. This is a client server structure in which mobile user is client and centralized server of content provider is the server. Most of the mobile applications used to access online social networking websites are based on centralized architecture. Centralized architecture is an example of web based MSN. The main advantage include simplicity of implementation and high efficiency centralized control. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

8. Architecture Distributed MSN: In distributed MSN architecture the mobile users communicate using existing network technologies (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth). There is no centralized server present in distributed architecture . The mobile users interact with each other on the basis of interest and thus forming groups. The data flow will be through other mobile devices or access points . Middleware's are able to provide all necessary functionalities such as identifying users, sharing data and supports expanding of MSN. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

9. Architecture Hybrid MSN: It has the combination of centralized and distributed architecture . In hybrid architecture mobile users can access data from content provider but also they can communicate with each other as in distributed architecture. All the new mobile phone are equipped with both i.e. (GSM antenna) and a short range (Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) communication capabilities. The cellular network provides data delivery using an ad hoc network reduces the cost . Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

10. Label Based Propagation Algorithm For The k-clique is extracted by erasing all non diagonal elements smaller than k -1 and erasing all diagonal elements smaller than k. The rest of the elements are replaced by value of 1 Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

11. Security Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

12. Attacks Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

13. Sybil Attack In this type of attack the attacker attempt to create many identities in order to gain larger effect. This type of attack is usually carried out to confuse neighboring nodes and to create relationship with honest users. When the honest user is compromised the attacker will gain special privileges . Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

14. Sybil Attack PodNetSec framework could be used to protect network against these types of attack. It has three types of channels namely Open , closed and restricted channels. Closed channel allow private and encrypted dissemination of content in a limited group. Restricted channel only allow authorized users to publish content Open channel allow everyone to consume and create new content Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

15. Black-Hole Attack It is a type of denial of service attack which targets trust . In this type of attack a malicious node sends a path reply packet to the source node in reply of path request for route discovery. The malicious nodes pretends to be a destination node or an immediate neighbor of the source node. As a result the source node will forward all of its data packets to malicious node . Data forwarding protocols for comprehensive evaluation Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

16. Location cheating attack Location cheating attack has the ability to bypass the location verification mechanism in MSN. The location cheater creates a fake location and forces the server to reveal that location . When the server connects to a falsified location the connection between the true location and the server is blocked . Access control Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

17. Access control It uses Key management system and policies that secure network nodes when they attempt to access the social network . Deployment in mobile network is a challenge because when a user is denied for security concern the device is lost and affect the ability of the customer to complete a task . Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

18. Access control This is an example of group based access control. It divides the users into communities to communicate safely. It uses pubic key cryptography. All communication is encrypted with the public key of the receiver . Secure communication is provided once the node ID of receiver is known . Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

19. Access control This access control uses an anonymous identifier (AID). The AID is generated by a trusted server IS. Before a source node advertise itself to its nearby node it contacts the IS to obtain AID. The IS generates AID and associates it with mobile node . It establish connection on shared AID . Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

20. Applications Social Services • This is the most common category of mobile social networks applications. • They include web based social network platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn as well as purely mobile ones such as google latitude . • Social Services on mobile provides freedom of movement and ease of use connection to social world. • All MSN services can be regarded as social services but the above mentioned ones purely regards to social networking services. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

21. Applications Healthcare Services • Mobile social networks are also able to assist people with special needs . • People with severe mental illness, healthcare services can provide continues support. • MSN is used to locate patients and help them to locate them if they are lost. • Free web –based applications such as Patients LikeMe connect its members to share information and learn from real world Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

22. Applications Wearable MSN • Wearable network comprises mobile devices which can be worn on the body and it can be used in behavior modeling and entertainment development . • “Hug shirt” can provide virtual hug by exerting pressure to a person wearing to it . It has a sensor which interacts with normal Bluetooth enabled mobile phones . • “Iband” is also a similar application in which two ibands exchange information during a handshake . Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

23. Applications Location Based Services • Location based services is one of the prominent application of mobile social networks . • It provides information specific to a location for mobile devices using GPS or signal triangulation of cellular towers . • It helps to find location od friends, nearest banking cash machine or restaurant. • Google latitude and foursquare are one of the popular location based services . Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

24. Question 1 Why Intrusion detection is a challenge to implement in mobile social networks ? Answer: • “Intrusion detection is a software implementation that monitors a system for malicious activities and produces real time reports”. • It is difficult to implement because the mobile social networks are not fixed. Intrusion detection depends on real time traffic for analysis and difficult to generate reports due to mobility of user as compare to wired networks which are fixed and traffic monitoring is done on routers ,switches and gateways .Secondly, slow links compared to wired networks ,Limited bandwidth and battery power are also the limitations that makes this implementation a challenge. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

25. Question 2 Why wormhole attack is called tunneling attack ? Answer: • It is one of the most sophisticated attack in which a malicious node captures the packets from one location in a network and tunnels them through other out off band channel to another malicious node located several hops away as shown in an example below . • The link between the malicious nodes is faster and the packets arrive more faster then the regular network that’s why it is called tunneling attack. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

26. Question 3 Consider two mobile social networks. Compute and compare the delivery ratio for each network such that in network “A” 50 packets has been sent from source while the destination receives 40 packets however in network “B” destination node only receives 35 packets? What is the impact of increase in no of nodes in network “B”? Answer: • Delivery ratio= Packets received/Packets sent For network A DR=40/50=0.8 For network B DR=35/50=0.7 From the values above we conclude that packets in network “A” are arriving faster as compare to network “B” .The lower the value of delivery ratio indicates the packet loss in a social network here in the above example the value of network “B” is lower then network “A”. The low delivery ratio in network “B” indicates that many packets are not arriving to their destinations which is due to increase in no of nodes, more hops are needed for packets to reach destination as the no of nodes increases which also requires high memory for computation. The mobile social network is considered to be more efficient which has high delivery ratio and minimum memory requirements. Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

27. Reference • “Mobile Social Networks: Architectures, Social properties and Key research challenges” by Nikolaos Vastardis, Student Member, IEEE and Kun Yang, Senior Member, IEEE IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, VOL. 15, NO. 3, THIRD QUARTER 2013 • “Survey of Routing Attacks and Countermeasures in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks” by Amara korbaAbdelaziz, Mehdi Nafaa, Ghanemi Salim ,Networks and Systems Laboratory University of BadjiMokhtar Annaba, Algeria -2013 UKSim 15th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation • “Applications, Architectures, and Protocol Design Issues for Mobile Social Networks: A Survey” by N. Kayastha, D. Niyato, and P. Wang are with the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore & E. Hossain is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba - Proceedings of the IEEE | Vol. 99, No. 12, December 2011 • “Safety Challenges and Solutions in Mobile Social Networks” by YasharNajaflou, BehrouzJedari, Feng Xia, Senior Member, IEEE,Laurence T. Yang, and Mohammad S. Obaidat, Fellow, IEEE- This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169

28. Thanks ! Wireless networks and mobile computing CSI-5169