Graham Badman Managing Director

1. From Poverty to Wellbeing Graham Badman Managing Director

2. The Changed Nature of Society • There were 236,980 marriages in 2006 - the lowest number since 1895 • In 2006 there were12.2 divorcing people per 1,000 married population • One in ten families are step families • One in four families are lone parent families • Nearly 200,000 children do not live with their parents • The average use of the internet is 13.8 hours for 12 - 15 year olds - more important than television • The average child sees at least 10,000 commercials a year • 87% of 12 - 15 year olds own mobile phones

3. (Time, April 2008)

4. “The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) state that, in 2003, 27% of British 15-year-olds had been drunk 20 times or more, compared to 12% of young Germans, 6% of Netherlands youth and only 3% of young French. British kids were also involved more frequently in fights (44% in the UK compared to 28% in Germany). They are more likely to try drugs or start smoking young. English girls are the most sexually active in Europe. More of them are having sex aged 15 or younger, and more than 15% fail to use contraception when they do which means that Britain has high rates of both teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. • None of those indicators are good, but it’s the increase in nasty teenage crime that really has Britain spooked. Violent offences by British under-18s rose 37% in the three years to 2006.” Mayer (Time) April 2008

5. Happiness (Layard) 2005

6. Happiness (Layard) 2005

7. Which world would you choose? The prices in both worlds are the same • In the first world you get £50 thousand a year, while other people get £25 thousand (average) • In the second world you get £100 thousand a year, while others get £250 thousand (average) Happiness (Layard) 2005

8. Which world would you choose? • You have 2 weeks’ holiday, and others have 1 week • You have 4 weeks’ holiday, and others have 8 weeks Happiness (Layard) 2005

9. Why are the rich on average happier than the poor? “The rich are so near the top that their reference group is likely to include people who are poorer than they are, while the poor are so near the bottom that their reference group is likely to include people who are richer than they are.” Happiness (Layard) 2005

10. Happiness (Layard) 2005

11. Watching, wanting and wellbeing - exploring the links(A survey of 9 - 13 year olds by the National Consumer Council) • Children who spend more time in front of the television or computer screens are more materialistic • Children who are more materialistic tend to have lower self-esteem • They have a lower opinion of their parents • Children who have a poor opinion of their parents also argue with them more • Children who have a poor opinion of their parents also have a poor opinion of themselves • Children in affluent areas spend substantially less time in front of television/computer screens - nearly half of affluent children have a television in their bedrooms, 97% of the sample in deprived areas do • Children in deprived areas are six times more likely to be watching television during the weekday evening meal and four times more likely to watch television in bed before going to sleep.

12. Poverty - key facts • 3.8 million children are living in poverty in the UK today • Since 1999, 600,000 children have been lifted out of poverty • In 2005/6 child poverty rose by 100,000 - the first rise since 1999 • The majority of poor children (57%) live in a household where at least one adult works • The majority of poor children (58%) live in a household headed by a couple • Over two-thirds of those below the poverty threshold at any one time have been in poverty for at least three of the past four years End Child Poverty 2007

13. Indicators of disadvantage • No parent in the family is in work • Family lives in poor quality or overcrowded housing • No parent has any qualifications • Mother has mental health problems • At least one parent has a long-standing limiting illness, disability or infirmity • Family has low income (below 60% of the median) • Family cannot afford a number of food and clothing items • Some 9.5 million cannot afford to keep their homes adequately heated, free from damp and decently decorated Families and Children Study (Social Exclusion Task Force) March 2007

14. Relational-Symbolic Aspects of Poverty • Disrespect • Humiliation • Shame and stigma • Assault on dignity and self-esteem • Othering • Denial of human rights • Diminished citizenship • Lack of voice • Powerlessness (Ruth Lister, 2004)

15. What is the problem we are trying to solve?

18. Health Issues • Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes • Smoking • Alcohol • Low birth weight • Chronic illness • Accidents • Pregnancy and STIs • Drug misuse • Emotional and behaviour problems

19. Area Number of Resident Children with LLTI % of All Resident Children with LLTI Percentage of Children with LLTI by Housing Tenure Owned Social Rented Private Rented Ashford Local Authority 809 3.7 3.1 6.1 3.8 Canterbury Local Authority 1142 4.7 3.5 8.4 5.2 Dartford Local Authority 718 3.9 3.1 6.4 4.5 Dover Local Authority 1013 4.9 3.8 8.3 5.1 Gravesham Local Authority 740 3.6 3.0 5.0 4.8 Maidstone Local Authority 1054 3.9 3.2 6.9 4.1 Sevenoaks Local Authority 706 3.2 2.7 5.7 2.8 Shepway Local Authority 919 4.9 3.8 8.3 5.5 Swale Local Authority 1340 5.1 3.7 8.7 6.1 Thanet Local Authority 1360 5.4 4.4 8.0 6.0 Tonbridge and Malling Local Authority 823 3.6 2.9 6.1 3.2 Tunbridge Wells Local Authority 708 3.4 2.8 5.3 3.8 Kent County 11332 4.2 3.3 7.0 4.9 South East Region 61093 3.9 3.1 6.6 4.2 England 418828 4.2 3.3 6.6 4.8 Source: ONS 2001 Census Table CS017 Children with limiting long-term illness (LLTI), 2001. Number and percentage of all children, percentage by tenure type

20. Rate of Child Road Casualties per 1,000 0-15 year olds, by Districts in Kent 2005

21. Local Authority Percentage of 0-18 year olds Ashford LA 2.5 Canterbury LA 3.2 Dartford LA 2.8 Dover LA 5.6 Gravesham LA 2.6 Maidstone LA 2.3 Sevenoaks LA 2.0 Shepway LA 4.2 Swale LA 4.4 Thanet LA 5.6 Tonbridge and Malling LA 2.6 Tunbridge Wells LA 2.4 Kent County 3.4 South East Region 3.3 England 5.9 Source: 2001 Census Standard Theme Table 1, ONS Percentage of 0-18 year olds living in accommodation with no central heating in Kent districts, 2001

22. Under 18 conception rates in Kent districts, 2003-05 Source: Teenage Pregnancy Unit

23. Under 18 conceptions leading to abortion in Kent districts, 2003-05 Source: Teenage Pregnancy Unit

24. Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births

25. What is the Government trying to do about it?

26. Children’s Trusts as a delivery mechanism for the National Children’s Plan • Happy and healthy – securing the wellbeing and health of children and young people • Families are the place for nurturing happy, capable and resilient children. Parents have made it clear that they would like better and more flexible information and support that reflects the lives they lead • Safe and sound – safeguard the young and vulnerable • Keeping children and young people safe from harm but also enabling them to learn, have new experiences and enjoy their childhoods • Excellence and equity – individual progress to achieve world class standards and close the gap in educational achievement for children from disadvantage families • Every young person to achieve their potential and enjoy their time in education (Children’s Trusts: statutory guidance on inter-agency co-operation to improve well-being of children, young people and their families, DCSF, 2008)

27. Children’s Trusts as a delivery mechanism for the National Children’s Plan • Leadership and Collaboration – system reform to achieve world class standards and close the gap in educational achievement for children from disadvantaged families • Create an early years and schools system where all institutions are consistently achieving at the level of the best • Staying on – ensure young people are participating and achieving their potential to 18 and beyond • Ensure an appropriately skilled workforce in order to compete in the global economy • On the right track – keep children and young people on the path to success • All young children to enjoy happy, healthy and safe teenage years and to be prepared for adult life • Making it happen – the vision for 21st century children’s services • System wide reforms to the way services for children and young people work together

28. Children’s Trusts as a delivery mechanism for the National Children’s Plan “Poverty blights children’s lives and has far-reaching effects on all outcomes, which is why the government has committed to halving child poverty by 2010 and eradicating it by 2020. Poverty is not just about low income. Other factors include access to high-quality health care and social services, child care – an important enabler of parental employment – family support, decent housing and transport and the quality of the local amenities, including cultural and leisure facilities. The partnership arrangements necessary to take a strategic approach to tackling this wide range of issues should be embedded within the Children’s Trust. Links with the wider Local Strategic Partnership will enable partners to focus on issues such as economic development and job creation, especially for the hard to reach; securing sufficient childcare for working parents; skills and training and community regeneration.” (Children’s Trusts: statutory guidance on inter-agency co-operation to improve well-being of children, young people and their families, DCSF, 2008)

29. What are we doing locally?

30. Poverty Rest of society 30% Generational Poverty Poor Health - nutrition Domestic violence Natural Optimism Growing Affluence Drugs Alcohol Crime Housing conditions Benefit Dependency Generational gain Children’s Trusts Happiness? Social mobility A society at ease with itself Eg. Access to higher education Wellbeing Ideas Ideals Aspirations Pessimism A source of child & family learning – multi agency intervention and support

31. Key concepts for addressing poverty • Learned optimism • Capability (in families and communities) • Resilience

32. What is the cost of doing nothing?

33. The cost to the child • Children from the 5% most disadvantaged households are more than 50 times likely to have multiple problems at age 30 than those from the top 50% of households • 63% of boys whose fathers go to prison are eventually convicted themselves • 61% of workless couples households live in poverty • 60% of children in the lowest reading attainment group at age 10 had parents with low literacy scores • Children who experience parental conflict and domestic violence are more likely to be delinquent and to commit violence and property offences

34. The cost to society • A family suffering from depression, alcohol misuse, domestic violence, short period of homelessness and being involved in criminality is estimated to cost the state £35k - £80k per annum, increasing to £55k - £115k if the wider costs to the economy and society are included • The cost of caring for a Looked After Child is between £36k - £48k per year but increases to £67K when the Youth Offending Service is involved and almost £300k for a child in a specialised placement • Anti-social behaviour costs the public £3.4billion a year • The annual cost of school exclusion is estimated at £406million • The additional costs of NEETS at age 16 - 18 has been estimated at around £8.1billion

35. Child poverty in UK remains worse than in most other European countries. A UK child has nearly twice as much chance of living in a household with relatively low income than a generation ago Child poverty damages both those who suffer it and society more generally. Such children are much less likely to fulfil their potential Child poverty has started to fall since the late 1990s helped by rising parental employment and large increases in tax credits and benefits. However present policies are unlikely to produce substantial further reductions The Government could meet its target of halving child poverty by 2010 by spending an estimated £4bn a year (0.3% of GDP) If the Government relied on tax credits and benefits to get the second half of children out of poverty in 2010 - 2020 a further £28bn would be needed Other mechanisms include better education and training for disadvantaged groups, improved childcare and the promotion of equal pay for women (Joseph Rowntree Foundation) Child Poverty in the UK

36. The Poverty Premium Save the Children Fund

37. The rate of employment is higher than in the mid 70s but detailed analysis reveals the following trends:- 2m adults (aged 20 - 59) are in work today who would probably not have had a job in mid 70s Mothers have the most improved job prospects especially those with adequate qualifications, good health and a working partner. This means the number of couples who both have a job has increased But ... 2m adults who would have been likely to have had a job 30 years ago are now out of work. Those who have the most reduced prospects are disabled men with poor educational qualifications and no working partner The number of non-working adults without a partner or whose partner does not have a job has doubled from 7% to 14%. Most of these families live on social security benefits and have very low incomes Work-rich and work-poor: three decades of change Richard Berthoud (Joseph Rowntree Foundation) 2007

38. The UK has a higher proportion of its children living in workless households than any other EU country

39. Employment isn’t always the solution to poverty Among those aged 25 to retirement in low income, the number in working families has risen while the number in workless ones has fallen Half of the children in low-income households live in families where at least one of the adults is in paid work

40. So what will the framework for Trusts look like? • It won’t just be for Trusts. It will make a reality of Local Government’s power of well-being, influence and inform the whole of economic, environmental and social policy • Centre around concept of learned optimism which will pervade all multi-disciplinary training. It will challenge the nature of professions and lead to a new meta language for action not explanation • It will provide a new language of discourse that bridges the gap between the casual and the formal • It will inform the development of Children’s Centres so that children never lose their curiosity

41. So what will the framework for Trusts look like? • It will inform teachers’ views of themselves as role models, the norms they portray and predicate school organisation • It will be centred on family learning seeking the positive influence of parents on children and children on parents • The crucial need for cognitive development and emotional stability will be central to the commissioning framework • It will provide mechanisms that deal with or influence both income and physical conditions. For example: • Nutrition • Housing • It will define strategies to prevent progression into the criminal justice system not use it

42. So what will the framework for Trusts look like? • It will provide and use information and data for individuals, communities and the services that support them • It will induce capability and resilience in both individuals and communities • It will be outcome driven • Immediacy will be the key component and all agencies will do simple things well • Its success will be judged by the community served who will have a voice in both commissioning and decommissioning of services

43. What else can we do? • What are the simple things we can do? For example: • Every school in a deprived area to run a breakfast club • Every Children’s Services professional to take a family approach and be alert to the signs of distress • Avoid inadvertent segregation eg every school to have a clear policy re affordability of uniform, school trips etc. • Major function in signposting/directing to support and helping families to access benefits • Helping families to use their funds effectively • Debt counselling and dissuade families from getting credit at high interest rates • Ensure that PSHE includes the “Hidden Rules” to ensure young people can escape poverty • Promote healthy living especially the benefits of a balanced diet

44. National Workforce Development • The vision for the Children’s Workforce • World Class, personalised and integrated services need to be available to every child • The culture change needed to support further development of integrated and personalised delivery of services should not dilute the specialist skills and knowledge, or focus of any of the people who are coming together to deliver the services • We need to ensure that people have a strong understanding of their roles and responsibilities, so that by working together as a team, people from different parts of the workforce can achieve more with individual children and their families than they would be able to do working on their own

45. “We think sometimes that poverty is only being hungry, naked and homeless. The poverty of being unwanted, unloved and uncared for is the greatest poverty.” (Mother Teresa)