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RADIOLOGY. As Clinical Anatomy. E-mail: x-ray@med.sc.edu Radiology Website: http://radiology.med.sc.edu Radiology Department: Basement of Library 733-3295. Francis Neuffer M.D. U.S.C. School of Medicine. WHAT IS RADIOLOGY?.
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RADIOLOGY As Clinical Anatomy E-mail: x-ray@med.sc.edu Radiology Website: http://radiology.med.sc.edu Radiology Department: Basement of Library 733-3295 FrancisNeuffer M.D. U.S.C. School of Medicine Francis Neuffer, Radiologist
WHAT IS RADIOLOGY? • MEDICAL SPECALITY THAT SUPERVISES AND INTERPRETS IMAGING STUDIES • REPORTS FINDINGS TO REFERRING PHYSICIANS • ANATOMY VS PATHOLOGY
Radiologist Role • Separate: normal and abnormal • Characterize: abnormality • Determine: extent (stage) of disease • Suggest: diagnosis-differential • Recommend: further exams/follow-up
X-RAY • DISCOVERED AND NAMED BY DR. W. C. RÖENTGEN AT UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG, 1895 • AWARDED FIRST NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS, 1901 • DID NOT PATENT INVENTION
COURSE GOALS • RELATE IMAGING TO GROSS ANATOMY • SEE CLINICAL RELATIONSHIP TO BASIC SCIENCE • UNDERSTAND BASICS OF IMAGE GENERATION • APPRECIATE CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS • DEVELOP IMAGING VOCABULARY
AP FOOT (ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR)
TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES ARE IN A SPECIFIC PLANE AXIAL CORONAL SAGITTAL RT RT
CT- EXAMPLE RT CT REFERENCE FILM Skull/brain
RADIOLOGY TOOLS X- RAY ULTRASOUND NUCLEAR MEDICINE MAGNETIC RESONANCE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
HOSPITAL LINGO YOU WILL HEAR AND SEE THESE ABBREVIATIONS USED FREQUENTLY IN THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY X- RAY ----- PLAIN FILM SCOUT FILM RADIOGRAPH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ----- CAT SCAN CT NUCLEAR MEDICINE ----- NUC MED ULTRASOUND ----- SONO SONOGRAM MAGNETIC RESONANCE ----- MR MRI
HOW IS IMAGING DONE? • IONIZING RADIATION • X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine • SOUND WAVES • Ultrasound • MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES • Magnetic Resonance
X- RAY • HIGH ENERGY PHOTON • --kilo electron volts • IONIZING RADIATION • EXPOSES FILM / DETECTOR • PROJECTION DATA
XRAYSPLAIN FILM RADIOGRAPHY • CHEST • MAMMOGRAPHY • ABDOMEN • SPINE • EXTREMITIES, BONES & JOINTS • SKULL
X - RAY -- FOUR BASIC DENSITIES • BONE • SOFT TISSUE • FAT • AIR
CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY • INJECTION, INGESTION, OR OTHER PLACEMENT OF OPAQUE MATERIAL WITHIN THE BODY • IMPROVES VISUALIZATION AND TISSUE SEPARATION • CAN DEMONSTRATE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY
UPPER GI – ORAL BARIUM CONTRAST (GASTRO INTESTINAL) STOMACH WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film COLON BARIUM ENEMA - RECTAL BARIUM CONTRAST
INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM – IVP INTRAVENOUS IODINE CONTRAST WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film ARTERIOGRAM INTRAARTERIAL IODINE CONTRAST
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY • HIGH ENERGY PHOTON • IONIZING RADIATION • EXPOSES DETECTOR • TOMOGRAPHIC DATA
CT- EXAMPLE RT CT REFERENCE FILM Skull / brain
NUCLEAR MEDICINE • HIGH ENERGY PHOTON • IONIZING RADIATION --radiopharmaceutical • EXPOSES DETECTOR • PROJECTION DATA • DYNAMIC / PHYSIOLOGIC
NM – EXAMPLES • BONE • HEPATOBILIARY • RENAL
ULTRASOUND • SOUND WAVE-high frequency • NO IONIZING RADIATION • TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER • TOMOGRAPHIC DATA
US – EXAMPLES GALLBLADDER KIDNEY OBSTETRICS
MAGNETIC RESONANCE • HYDROGEN PROTONS IN A MAGNETIC FIELD • RADIO WAVE SIGNAL TRANSMISSION • NO IONIZING RADIATION • TOMOGRAPHIC DATA
RT MAGNETIC RESONANCE EXAMPLES • BRAIN • SPINE • KNEE
RADIOLOGY EVALUATION • MULTIPLE CHOICE - identify • LABELED IMAGES FROM FILM SETS AND LECTURE IMAGES • GROUP CASE STUDY (2)
SUMMARY • TOMOGRAPHY VS. PROJECTION IMAGES • SECTION PLANES- AXIAL,CORONAL,SAGITTAL IMAGE CONSTRUCTION OF: • Nuclear Medicine • Computed Tomography • Ultrasound • X-ray • Magnetic Resonance
OH… THE MANY USES OF NUC MED STUDY OF A HORSE’S _____ KING TUT MODERN IMAGING ?
LUMBAR SPINE AP VIEW T-12 TRANSVERSE PROCESS L-1 SPINOUS PROCESS LAMINA SACRUM
VERTEBRA SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS SPINAL CANAL BODY PEDICLE (ROOT) TRANSVERSE PROCESS PARTS OF THE ARCH LAMINA INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS SPINOUS PROCESS
SUP. VERTEBRAL BODY PEDICLE SUP. ARTICULAR PROCESS TRANSVERSE PROCESS BODY SPINOUS PROCESS INF. VERTEBRAL NOTCH LAMINA INF. ARTICULAR PROCESS