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Southeast Nexus (SENEX)

A study focusing on air quality and climate interactions in the Southeast U.S., exploring aerosol formation, organic aerosol dynamics, sulfate aerosol presence, and tropospheric ozone patterns. Key questions relate to emissions, aerosol distribution, and climate properties in the region.

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Southeast Nexus (SENEX)

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  1. Southeast Nexus (SENEX) Studying the Interactions Between Natural and Anthropogenic Emissions at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change • Southeast U.S. has high anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, humidity, and photochemistry • How do the emissions react to form aerosol and oxidants? • What are the climate-relevant properties of the aerosol? Modeled aerosol forcingpeaks in the SE U.S. [Leibensperger, ACP 2011] A NOAA Field Study in the Southeast U.S. in Summer 2013

  2. Scientific Motivation • Southeast U.S.: • Many secondary pollutants and radiativeforcings are higher than elsewhere in the Nation OMI HCHO column peaks in summer SE U.S. [Millet, 2008] How do anthropogenic and biogenic emissions interact and affect air quality and climate?

  3. Organic Aerosol • Observations show highest organics in Southeast • Satellite AOT shows strong seasonal cycle: biogenic SOA? (But: IMPROVE shows larger cycle for sulfate) • Role of aqueous-phase processing? • Role of nighttime oxidation of biogenic VOCs? • What fraction of SOA is controllable? IMPROVE V Report Summer – Winter AOT from MISR Goldstein [2009]

  4. Sulfate Aerosol • Sulfate still represents a major fraction of submicron aerosol in the East and Southeast • Formation in gas phase vs. clouds poorly understood IMPROVE V Report Models that include cloud oxidation overestimate sulfate [McKeen, 2007]

  5. Tropospheric Ozone • Many models are biased high in the Summertime SE U.S. • Yield and fate of isoprene nitrates? • Nighttime chemistry and removal of NOx? • Difficulty in modeling the structure of the nighttime boundary layer? Ozone (ppbv) AM3 model CASTNET obs Fiore [2009]

  6. Part of the motivation: Regional Climate Change and its causes • Eastern U.S. has not warmed since 1950 and has received more precipitation [Portmann, PNAS 2009] • Connection with aerosol distribution? • SENEX contribution: • Describe and improve understanding of aerosol distribution • Describe climate-relevant properties of aerosol NOAA Science Challenge Workshop [2011]

  7. Main Science Questions What are the emissions of aerosol, aerosol precursors and greenhouse gases in the SE U.S.? What is the composition and distribution of aerosol in the SE U.S.? What are the formation mechanisms of secondary species (ozone, sulfate and organics) in the SE U.S.? Which deposition processes are critical for determining atmospheric concentrations of aerosol, ozone and NOy? What are the climate-relevant properties of aerosol in the SE U.S.?

  8. Base of Operations: Smyrna near Nashville Nashville Atlanta Centerville Within range of the NOAA WP-3D: Southeast, Smoky Mountains and Ozarks Atlanta SOAS site at Centerville Mississippi valley and mid-West

  9. Collaborations • Southern Oxidants and Aerosol Study (SOAS)(Carlton, Goldstein, Jimenez and Guenther)Centerville ground siteC-130 aircraft • TropHONO (Zhou and Stutz)C-130 aircraft • NAAMEX (Jaffe)C-130 aircraft • Other SOAS ground sites:Look Rock, TN; RTP, NC; Birmingham, AL • SOAS chamber study (Seinfeld and Wennberg)Caltech NOMADSS June 1 – July 15 Smyrna

  10. Nashville and Smyrna Nashville International Airport Smyrna Rutherford County Airport

  11. Hangar 634 NOAA WP-3D Hangar 621 NSF C-130

  12. Hangar 634 NOAA WP-3D

  13. Integration NOAA WP-3 SENEX 2013http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/senex/ • Payload • Inlets, exhausts, power, Ethernet • Schedule

  14. N42RF layout - SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD version 4 11-09-2012 SO2 CO2, CH4 NO, NO2, NOy, O3 iWAS2; NMASS Acid CIMS ACES glyoxal NH3; HNO3 TDL H2O PTR-MS HCHO Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) CO jNO2, jO3 CCN Flight Science NO3, N2O5 WLOPC SP2; AMS PANs CRD-AES; PAS PSAP; UHSAS cloud probes Operator seats: NOyO3: C3X CRDS: Sta. 2 PILS/AMS: Sta. 3 CIMS: Galley rotating: Galley Non CSD collaborators CCN: Nenes HCHO: Hanisco/Keutsch Acid CIMS: Thornton

  15. Operator seats: NOyO3: C3X CRDS: Sta. 2 PILS/AMS: Sta. 3 CIMS: Galley rotating: Galley Non CSD collaborators CCN: Nenes HCHO: Hanisco/Keutsch Acid CIMS: Thornton

  16. 2-page scientific instrument descriptions available on the website: http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd7/measurements/2013senex/P3/integration/inst_worksheets.html

  17. N43RF Exhaust Will be duplicated on N42RF in March 2013

  18. N42RF Power and Cables

  19. Integration Schedule Shipping: April 19, 2013 April 12: windows and feet to Tampa April 19: truck to Tampa April 22-26: Sta C3X, Sta 8, LTI, WLOPC, FliSci April 29–May 2: Sta 2, Sta 6a, LIPF, AAMPS pod

  20. Integration Schedule Shipping: April 19, 2013 May 6-10: Sta 3, Sta 5, CO pod, CCN, j-heads May 13-17: Sta 4, Sta 6b, Dual Pass May 20-24: AOC prep May 27-30: Power checks and test flight May 31: Transit to Nashville

  21. Integration Schedule Shipping: April 19, 2013

  22. Integration Schedule Shipping: April 19, 2013 July 15: transit to Tampa July 16-17: de-integration July 18: truck to Boulder July 19: unload truck go to the Rio

  23. N42RF integration- SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD Week 1 10-01-2012 NO, NO2, NOy, O3 Fl. Sci. comp TDL H2O PTR-MS HCHO Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) WLOPC cloud probes Week 1: LTI+WLOPC Sta. C3X Sta. 8 J-cab

  24. N42RF integration- SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD Week 2 10-01-2012 Acid CIMS iWAS2; NMASS NH3; HNO3 NO, NO2, NOy, O3 Fl. Sci. comp TDL H2O PTR-MS HCHO Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) NO3, N2O5 WLOPC CRD-AES; PAS PSAP; UHSAS cloud probes Week 2: Sta. 2 AMPS pod Sta. 6a Sta. 7+LIPF

  25. N42RF integration- SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD Week 3 10-01-2012 Acid CIMS SO2 CO2, CH4 iWAS2; NMASS glyoxal NH3; HNO3 NO, NO2, NOy, O3 Fl. Sci. comp TDL H2O PTR-MS HCHO Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) CO jNO2, jO3 CCN NO3, N2O5 WLOPC SP2; PILS; AMS CRD-AES; PAS PSAP; UHSAS cloud probes Week 3: CO pod Sta. 3 Sta.5 CCN J-heads

  26. N42RF integration- SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD Week 4 10-21-2012 Acid CIMS SO2 CO2, CH4 iWAS2; NMASS glyoxal NH3; HNO3 NO, NO2, NOy, O3 Fl. Sci. comp TDL H2O PTR-MS HCHO Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) CO jNO2, jO3 CCN NO3, N2O5 WLOPC SP2; PILS; AMS PANs CRD-AES; PAS PSAP; UHSAS cloud probes Week 4: Sta 4 Sta. 6b Dual Pass

  27. Summary http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/senex/ Shipping date: April 19, 2013 (4 months and 8 days away) Next: Hazmat Questions?

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