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Roser de Antonio Garcia

Roser de Antonio Garcia. From about 200 years ago , most people lived in the countryside and worked on farms. Then great changes began. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. a time of change. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. a time of change. What does the Industrial Revolution mean?.

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Roser de Antonio Garcia

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  1. Roser de Antonio Garcia Fromabout 200 yearsago, mostpeoplelived in thecountryside and workedonfarms. Thengreatchangesbegan. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change

  2. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What does the Industrial Revolution mean? From working on farms... ...toworking in factories Fromworking in workshops

  3. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What does mean the Industrial Revolution? From living in farms... ...to living in cities From living in villages...

  4. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Whenwasthe Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution was during the 18th and 19th centuries The Industrial Revolution

  5. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What caused the Industrial Revolution? CAUSES New foodcame... ...fromAmerica. Thatmeant... more foodforpeople and animals

  6. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What caused the Industrial Revolution? CAUSES Peoplediscoveredtheimportance of hygiene and theybeganto use soap

  7. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What caused the Industrial Revolution? MORE HEALTH MORE LIFE MORE HEALTH

  8. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What caused the Industrial Revolution? Peoplelivedlonger Infantmortalitydecreased During the XVIIth, XVIIIth and XIXth centuries the population increased.

  9. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What caused the Industrial Revolution? During the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries the population increased. MORE DEMAND OF GOODS MORE PEOPLE

  10. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What caused the Industrial Revolution? MORE DEMAND OF GOODS MORE PEOPLE More peoplemeant more of everythingelse: more clothes, more shoes, more food, more pots, more houses… Beforethe Industrial Revolutiongoodsweremade in smallworkshopsor at home woman spinning

  11. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Could the workshops supply all these new demands? • Whatismade in thisworkshop? • Howmanypeople can yousee in thispicture? WHAT DO YOU THINK? • Can they produce fabric in largequantities? • Isthefabrictheymakecheap? • Do theyworkquickly? Photograph of weaver and spinner in Wales

  12. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Could the factories supply all these new demands? • Is it a workshop or a factory? • Howmanypeople can yousee in thispicture? WHAT DO YOU THINK? • Can they produce goods in large quantities? • Are the goods they make cheap? • Do theyworkquickly?

  13. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION time forchanges But more people working was not enough... New machines wereinvented spinning wheel spinning jenny (invented in 1764)

  14. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change But the biggest advancement was the invention of the steam machines... Untilthe 18th centurythestrongestpowercamefrom... theanimals thewind thewater

  15. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Heavy loadswent in ... Untilthe 18th centurythequickest way of travelling was... carts riding a horse sailing in a ship ships

  16. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change … but it was very unsafe! Poorpeopletravelledonfoot….

  17. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change There were other disadvantages…. Travelling onfoot Whichistheonlyadvantage?

  18. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Therewereanotherdisadvantages…. Travelling bycart Whichistheonlyadvantage?

  19. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Therewereanotherdisadvantages…. Travelling riding a horse Whichistheonlyadvantage?

  20. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Steamengines: Therevolution Hero of Alexandria inventedthefirst “steam machine” in the 1th century BC, buthis “aeropile” wasonlyused as a toy. STEAM

  21. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Steamengines: Therevolution In the 18th centurysteam machines wereinvented. At firsttheywerejustusedforpumpingwaterfromthe mines Pumping machine James Watt, 1775

  22. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Steamengines: Therevolution James Wattwentonimprovinghisinvention. In 1785 thesteamenginewasreadytoreplacewaterwheels Steamengine James Watt, 1785

  23. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Steamengines: Therevolution Spinning machines, looms... Allthe machines in thefactorieswerepoweredbysteamduringthe 18th and the 19th century Great changeshadbegun

  24. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Steamengines: Therevolution Steam engines were fitted with wheels 25 km/h 13 km/h LocomotiveRocket Robert Stephenson, 1829 firststeamcarriage Richard Trevithick, 1803

  25. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Steamengines: Therevolution Steam engines were fitted with wheels Firsttrain in Spain In 1848, from Barcelona to Mataró Firsttrain in theworld: In 1830 from Liverpool to Manchester

  26. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change What are the advantages? Travelling bytrain What is the only disadvantage?

  27. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Steamengines: Therevolution Steam engines were fitted with wheels 15 km/h firststeamship Robert Fulton , 1807

  28. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Steam machines caused a revolution in the way... ... things were made ... things were transported ... people travelled ... people worked What about the way people lived?

  29. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people Before the Industrial Revolution most people... ...lived in the countryside ...worked on farms ...worked in workshops producing handmade goods.

  30. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people Then steam-powered machines were invented... ...but people were needed to work the machines Many people left the countryside to work in factories.

  31. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The workers It was hard and tiring work Men, women and children worked more than 12 hours a day for six days a week

  32. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The workers It was acceptable for children to work from about 5, 6, 7 years old. Children were cheaper than men to employ and they didn’t complain Some boys and girls working in a spinning room.

  33. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The workers Children who had no parents were taken into factories to live and work. Some factory owners were cruel and gave them dirty rooms and little food in return for long hours of labour.

  34. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The workers Children from poor families also worked in factories. They had to earn money to help their parents These women and children were working in a factory. They began work at 3:30 a.m. and expected to work until 5 p.m. How do we know that? The little girl in the center was working. Her mother said she is "a real help to me."

  35. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change How can we know about the life of the people in the past? Photographer Lewis W. Hine (1874-1940) was born in the USA. From 1908 to 1912, Hine took his camera across America to photograph children working for long hours, often under dangerous conditions, in factories and mines. History can be recorded with photographs

  36. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change How can we know about the life of the people in the past? “Poor People”, by Andre Collin (1862-1930) History can be recorded with drawings and paintings A drawing from the 1840’s showing children being beaten in a factory.

  37. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change How can we know about the life of the people in the past? Old photographs, drawings, paintings... are VISUAL EVIDENCE Are there other types of evidence?

  38. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change How can we know about the life of the people in the past? You can also find PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: Some people leave thinghs behind Pottery Buildings A potty (19th century) Householdgoods Workers’ flats (Badalona,19th century) Factory (Badalona,19th century) An iron (19th century)

  39. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change How can we know about the life of the people in the past? You can also find WRITTEN EVIDENCE: Some people keep written records of events. Share certificate of the Liverpool&Manchester Railway, 1826 Train ticket, 1860 Newspaper, 1912 Text from Royal Comission into Children’s Employment, 1842

  40. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change How can we know about the life of people in the past? You can also find ORAL EVIDENCE: People tell their families and friends and the news is passed to the next generation. Do you believe that the people who lived in the 19th century are still alive? It’s difficult to get oral evidence of that time.

  41. Let’s work as historians! Read carefully this document - Can you see any date in it? - Can you see the name of a town? - Can you see the name of a famous inventor? - In this document we read James Watt put some instruments into working order. Can you tell me one of them? - How much money did he get for doing that work? James Watt worked from 1756 to 1764 as an instrument maker to the University of Glasgow. This document is a written evidence.

  42. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The workers Let’s go back in History! These photographs by Lewis W. Hine show children helping their parents at home What were their houses like?

  43. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The workers Most workers’ houses had no running water. The houses were dark and damp. Often whole families lived in a single room Workers didn’t have good food, warm clothes or medicines They suffered from bad health Workers’ houses in Badalona

  44. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The workers a visual evidence... • Is this a bathroom or a kitchen? • What are they doing? What do you think? • Why are the children having a bath in the kitchen? • Is there running water in this house? • Are they are poor or rich? • Do these children usually go to school? “Tub night”, by Leonard de Wires

  45. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change Some people did not go out to earn their money... The life of the people: The bourgeoisie Theywererich

  46. Itwasusedforcooking heating, and forsteamengines. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The bourgeoisie Wheredidtheirmoney come from? Coal wasthemainsource of power. ... the factories Some of thosepeopleownedcoal mines the railway companies Theysoldthecoalto... ... the people Theymade a lot of money

  47. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The bourgeoisie Wheredidtheirmoney come from? Do you remember? Duringthe 17th, 18th and 19th centuriesthepopulationincreased. More peoplemeant more demandforeverythingelse: more clothes, more shoes, more food, more pots, more houses… MORE GOODS Goodsweremade in factories Some of thosepeopleownedfactories They made a lot of money

  48. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The bourgeoisie How do theylived? Thiswashishouse in Barcelona Palau Robert Robert Robert i Surís 1851-1929 He hadfactories and lands

  49. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The bourgeoisie How do theylived? Richpeoplehadmanyservants whodidallthework in thehouse Thiswashishouse in thecountryside Palau Lo Mirador Torroella de Montgrí

  50. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION a time of change The life of the people: The bourgeoisie How do theylived? Duringtheday... ...girlsweretaught bygovernesses at home ...womenstayed at home ...boyswenttoschool ...mentookcare of theirbusiness

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