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Advanced Broadband Wireless Standards from ETSI and Co-operation with WiMAX

Join the discussion at the WCA’s 11th Annual International Symposium & Business Expo in San Jose, CA to learn about ETSI's BRAN structure, HiperAccess and HiperMAN technologies, and collaboration with WiMAX Forum. Explore global wireless standards and ETSI's decision-making processes. Discover insights from Bernd Friedrichs, the ETSI BRAN Chairman, on market-driven standardization, IPR policies, and regulatory competence. Stay updated on BRAN's latest developments and testing methods.

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Advanced Broadband Wireless Standards from ETSI and Co-operation with WiMAX

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  1. WCA’s 11th Annual International Symposium & Business ExpoSan Jose, CA, Jan. 12-14, 2005 Advanced Broadband Wireless Standards from ETSIand Co-operation with WiMAX Prof. Dr. Bernd Friedrichs - Marconi Communications, Germany - ETSI BRAN Chairman

  2. Overview • ETSI BRAN structure • Status of BRAN HiperAccess and HiperMAN • Details of HiperAccess Technology • Relations to standardization bodies and forums • Co-operation ETSI - WiMAX Forum • Conclusions Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  3. ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute • ~700 member companiesfrom 55 contries in 5 continents • ~11,000 technical standards and deliverables since 1988 • ~60 co-operation agreements • Market driven organizationmembers decide about work program and resource allocation • Established in 1988, as non-profit making organization, based in Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cote d‘Azur (France) • www.etsi.org Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  4. ETSI Working Methods • Decision Making • Members shall endeavour to reach consensus on all issues. • If lack of consensus: voting can be performed using individual member company weights (1...45 depending on company revenues, one vote per company, approval requires 71%) • Open Standardization Process • Each ETSI member can actively or passively participate (incl. voting). • All documents and standards are always freely accessible. • IPR Policy • Each ETSI member has the obligation to inform about Essential IPRs it becomes aware of. • IPR owners shall grant irrevocable licenses on FRAND (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) terms and conditions. Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  5. Global Wireless Standards IEEE 802 ETSI WAN UMTS, EDGE (GSM) MAN WiMAX* HiperMAN & HiperAccess IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN LAN HiperLAN/2 RLAN IEEE 802.11 WirelessLAN WiFi* PAN IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth ETSI BRAN *) Industry fora for promotion and certfication Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  6. HiperAccess (High Performance Access) HiperMan (High Performance MAN) Fixed broadband wireless PMP system above 11 GHz, single carrier, 120 Mbps Fixed broadband wireless PMP system below 11 GHz, OFDM, IP-optimized BRAN Structure ETSI BRAN (Broadband Radio Access Networks) Chairman: Bernd Friedrichs (Marconi) HiperLan/2 (High Performance LAN) Wireless LAN at 5 GHz, connection-based, OFDM, 54 Mbps, QoS PHY PHY PHY DLC DLC DLC CL CL Profiles etc. Testing MIB Testing Regulatory Competence Group Spectrum regulatory issues, Harmonized Standards Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  7. BRAN Status • Transition to TC (Technical Commitee) in 2004 • ToR (Terms of Reference) • BRAN is responsible for all broadband radio (access) systems • Several vertical groups for technology-dependent activities • Regulatory competence concentrated in horizontal RCWG- to develop Harmonised Standards covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive, - to assist regulatory bodies to define spectrum requirements and radio conformance specifications for new broadband radio networks • Extensions under discussion • Non-interoperable systems (i.e. proprietary, coexistence specs) • Transport systems (e.g. classical Point-to-Point hops) • Higher layers including network aspects (e.g. IRAP = International Roaming Access Protocols (WiFi)) • Other(e.g. WIGWAM = Wireless Gigabit (RLAN) with Advanced Multimedia Support) • Merger with ETSI TM4 Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  8. BRAN Characteristics (1 of 5) General • ETSI Experience • GSM, DECT, 3G, Tetra, etc. • The working methods and approaches have given very good results in terms of interoperability • 3G considers the test specs „very good value for money“ • Base standards (for air interface) • PHY and DLC layers independet of core network • Convergence sublayers for packet- and cell-based core networks • Base standards (for network) • The successful deployment of large-scale portable or mobile networks requires also the development of interfaces and protocols above the scope of the air interface • Work already started on MIB and management Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  9. BRAN Characteristics (2 of 5) Testing • Test specifications • Normative part of standard • Controlled in the open forum in the same way as the base specs • Actual testing and certification is left to industry and their associations Test methods • Good results from using advanced spec methods and languages • For the first time, virtual protocol testing (UDP/IP based, via API) was used, showing the capability to detect and resolve potential problems in implementations before the HW becomes available Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  10. BRAN Characteristics (3 of 5) STFs • Testing organization • Work is progressed through STF (Special Task Force) • STF funded by ETSI, operating under the guidance of BRAN • Supported by PTCC (Protocol and Testing Competence Center) BRAN STF • All BRAN conformance test specifications were produced in STFs • More than 70 documents were published in the last two years • About $ 2,000,000 funding was spent for BRAN STFs • About $ 520,000 total cost were spent for HiperMAN / WiMAX Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  11. BRAN Characteristics (4 of 5) Testing - Comparison of Approaches • Interoperability testing = Two implementations trying to interwork • Can test only normal behaviour • Can test exceptional behaviour only by chance • Golden unit testing = An implementation that is somehow representing a standard trying to interwork with an implementation under test • Conformance testing = A test tool evaluating an implementation under test • Can test both normal and exceptional behaviour • Can repeat the specific test any time and any number of times (following corrections for example) • ETSI has achieved good results using a combination of conformance testing followed by some level of interoperability testing Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  12. BRAN Characteristics (5 of 5) Standards for Base and Test Specifications • Basic protocol standard development • Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1) message structure specification, ITU-T X.680 • Packed encoding rules (PER) for transfer encoding, ITU-T X.691 • Message Sequence Charts (MSC) for message flow description, ITU-T Z.120, • Specification and Description Language (SDL) specification, ITU-T Z.100- SDL models used to precisely define the protocol behaviour. - Simulations and validations to early remove ambiguities and erroneous protocol behaviour. • Protocol test specifications (ITU-T X.291...296, ISO/IEC 9646) • PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement • TSS & TP Test Suite Structure and Test Purposes • ATS Abstract Test Suite (TTCN) • - Significant effort was spent (30 man month of funded expert work plus voluntary contribution by member companies and ETSI PTCC work) • Radio test specifications • RCT Radio Conformance Test • EN Harmonized Standard (European Norm),covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the EC R&TTE Directives Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  13. BRAN HiperAccess (1 of 4) Overview • Main applications • Cellular backhauling • SOHO, SME • Typically too expensive for residential access / WLL / LMDS • ETSI BRAN developed protocol stack and radio specifications • Optimized for ATM and Ethernet • Strong points • Suitable for immediate deployment in GSM and UMTS networks • Technical quality • Precision of specification • Well controlled optional features • Absence of ambiguities • Test specifications with ETSI strength (MBS2) • High spectral efficieny, high QoS, high reliability Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  14. BRAN HiperAccess (2 of 4) Set of Specifications in total ~2000 pages Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  15. BRAN HiperAccess (3 of 4) Basic Features PHY Layer • Focus on frequency bands • 40.5 - 43.5 GHz • 31.8 - 33.4 GHz • 27.5 - 29.5 GHz • 24.5 - 26.5 GHz • other lower frequencies • Channel size = 28 MHz, Baudrate = 22.4 MBaud • Paired bands (FDD mode, fixed asymmetric rates) • Unpaired bands (TDD mode, adaptive asymmetric rates) • Optimum trade-off between costs, peak data rate and statistical multiplex gain • Important • parameters Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  16. BRAN HiperAccess (4 of 4) Achievements and Plans • High stability of base and test specifications achieved • Only minor corrections expected in 2005 • Further harmonization with IEEE 802.16-WirelessMAN-SC • Commercial roll-out • First BRAN-compliant product was rolled-out in December 2004(Point-to-Point derivative of HA) • Full HiperAccess-compliant products will be available in 2005 • High interest from numerous operators Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  17. Time Division Multiplex (TDM) in Downlink, Time Division Multiplex Access (TDMA) in Uplink t 1 2 3 4 5 TDM downlink TDMA uplink AT 1 AT 1 2 3 ... AP AT 2 AP AT 2 1 5 MAC PDU MAC PDU MAC PDU MAC PDU ... ... 4 AT n AT n Further important properties of downlink and uplink Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  18. Transceiver Chain Operation on groups of MAC PDUs corresponding to RS CWs, UL only Operation on complete frame except preamble(s), initiated per frame Including trellis termination for each RS CW, only present for some PHY modes One preamble for one or several FEC blocks Only payload of unicast MAC data PDUs is encrypted Up to four MAC PDUs per RS CW Preambles with QPSK Inner Convol. Encoder ARQ TX buffer Insert Preamble Outer RS Encoder from data interface Scrambling Modulation Encryption Burst Request for ARQ re-transmission Symbol stream (cont.in DL, bursty in UL) MAC PDU MAC PDU MAC PDU MAC PDU RS codeword FEC block Radio link (physical channel) RS error detection flag for ARQ Burst Remove Preamble, Equalizer Inner Convol. Decoder Outer RS Decoder De- Modulation ARQ RX buffer to data interface Descrambler Decryption Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  19. PHY Modes (1 of 9) Definition, Robustness vs. Efficiency Infobits Codebits Symbols Waveforms RS- encoder Convol. encoder Modulator (2M-ary) Pulse shaping • PHY mode defined by • concatenated coding and • modulation • (where „PHY“ refers to the • physical layer of OSI model) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  20. Frame Structure Overview Frame Preamble TDM zone Control zone (PHY mode # 0) PHY mode #3 region PHY mode #4 region Downlink frame PHY mode #1 region PHY mode #2 region Frame padding Control zone enlarged Broadcast Frame Info Downlink map ARQ map Uplink map Uplink frame to frame # (N-2) Invited ranging bursts Bandwidth request contention window frame offset Granted UL burst Granted UL burst Granted UL burst Granted UL burst Order of ranging burst and contention window is just an example Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  21. PHY Modes (3 of 9) DL Frame with Concatenated Coding • Remarks: • ATM cells and DLC messages are aligned to PDUs, IP packets are segmented to PDUs • PDUs are aligned to RS blocks • Block structure preserved by terminated convolutional coding • Code blocks are aligned tosymbols and regions (DL) and bursts (UL) • Advantages: error detection and ARQ Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  22. PHY Modes (4 of 9) Maximum Range per Mode Clear sky Maximum d, PTx and pavailability are related as >1 I is time-variant mainly dependent on Lrain is time-variant Stand-alone cells (without interference from adjacent cells, without DL ATPC) Rain fading Mode 4 Mode 3 Mode 2 Mode 1 Link loss Cell radius Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  23. Adaptive Operation • Adaptation according to • d = distance (fixed) • I = interference (slow in DL, fast in UL) • N = noise (representing link budget C/N) • Lrain = rain fading (fast, 20 dB/s) • Mechanisms • PHY mode change per terminal • PHY mode change per frame • combined with ATPC (Adaptive Transmit Power Control) • Control loop • decided centrally by AP • based on • measurement reports from AT • received signal in AP • commanded as • announcement in DL map for DL, • granted per UL map for UL Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  24. Radio Link Model (6 of 8) Free-Space Pathloss and Rain Fading 42 GHz Lfree = Pathloss 32 GHz 26 GHz 42 GHz 32 GHz 26 GHz Lrain=Rain fading Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  25. PHY Modes (5 of 9) Throughput, Range vs. Availability @ 28 GHz 6.5 km @ 99.9% Clear sky 99 % 99.9 % 99.99 % 99.999 % Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  26. Interference in Downlink and Uplink DL worst sector (C/I)min = 20*log(5) = 14.0 dB UL worst sector • Interference degradation typically depends on direction • a sector may have poor properties for DL but good properties for UL • interference is time-invariant for DL and time-variant for UL Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  27. C/(N+I) Pattern for 5x5 RectangularConstellation (Downlink, ClearSky, ReUseFactor=4) worst sector enlarged Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  28. C/(N+I)~C/N Pattern for 5x5 RectangularConstellation (Downlink, RainFading, ReUseFactor=4) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  29. CDFs for 5x5 RectangularConstellation (Downlink, ClearSky, ReUseFactor=4) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  30. Marconi’s Radio Network Planning Tool (Realistic Constellation with 142 Sectors) Input: Base station sites Coverage Traffic load Output: Sectorization Carrier frequencies (2) Polarization (coloured) Interference critical zone = 1.4% of coverage (blue) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  31. Detailed Layer Structure ATM cells (53byte) IP packets (variable length) CL Cell-based CL Packet-based CL 51byte DLC SDU (fixed length) Radio link control Initiali- zation control Connec- tion control Security control Traffic data connections MAC management connections DLC ASN1 coding ARQ sublayer (UL) SAR sublayer MAC sublayer 54...55 byte PDU Encryption Scrambling Reed-Solomon Encoding Convolutional Encoding Modulation Decryption Descrambling Reed-Solomon Decoding Convolutional Decoding Demodulation PHY Radio channel (above 11 GHz) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  32. Realization of high Multiplex Gain requires efficient and fast Bandwidth Allocation Schemes AT 1 Uplink scheduler (use of grants) AT n Uplink scheduler (use of grants) Frequency planning (Blocking of PHY modes) AP CAC Downlink scheduler (for carrier) ... Uplink scheduler (for carrier) CAC = connection admission control Downlink allocation (central in AP) Uplink allocation (distributed, mainly in AP) Requests per connection aggregate (various mechanisms) via DL map (no action from AT) Grants per terminal via UL map Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  33. Example of ASN.1 Base Specification PhyModeSetDescriptor ::= SEQUENCE { psdi Psdi, -- 4 bit downlinkPhyThresholdsList PhyThresholdsList, -- variable uplinkPowerModChangeListNonTc UplinkPowerModChangeList, -- variable uplinkPowerModChangeListTc UplinkPowerModChangeList -- variable } Psdi ::= INTEGER {phyModeSet1 (1), phyModeSet2 (2)} (0..15) -- 4 bit PhyThresholdsList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(2..7)) OF PhyThresholdPair UplinkPowerModChangeList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..6)) OF UplinkPowerModChangePair PhyThresholdPair ::= SEQUENCE { upThreshold CnrThreshold, -- channel quality increase downThreshold CnrThreshold -- channel quality decrease } UplinkPowerModChangePair ::= SEQUENCE { upPowerModChange UplinkPowerModChange, -- channel quality increase downPowerModChange UplinkPowerModChange -- channel quality decrease } CnrThreshold ::= INTEGER(0..255) -- 8 bit,granu=0.25dB,range=[4,40]dB,absolute UplinkPowerModChange ::= INTEGER(0..32) -- 6 bit,granu=0.5dB, range=[ -8, +8]dB Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  34. BRAN HiperMAN (1 of 2)Overview • Main applications • First release: FWA below 11 GHz • Residential (self installation), SOHO, SME (wireless DSL) • Mesh radio networks (radio based routers) • Features (100% selected by WiMAX Forum) • Optimized for IP traffic, full QoS support • Both FDD and TDD, including H-FDD CPE • High spectral efficiency and data rates, up to 25 Mbit/s in 7 MHz • Adaptive modulation (from QPSK to 64-QAM) • Interoperability profiles for 1.75 MHz, 3.5 MHz and 7 MHz • Uplink OFDMA (high cell radius possible, up to 50 km in PMP with directive antenna) • Hooks for advanced antenna systems • High security TEK encryption algorithms Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  35. BRAN HiperMAN (2 of 2)Technical Specifications • Standards (published in 2004) • ETSI TS 102 177 PHY layer • ETSI TS 102 178 DLC layer • ETSI TS 102 210 System profiles • Functional Requirements • ETSI TR 101 856 • System Reference Documents • ETSI TR 102 079 for the band 5.725 GHz to 5.875 GHz • Drafting activity • MIBs for Network Management • Test standards (PICS, TSS&TP finished in 2004, ATS) • Support for nomadic systems • etc. Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  36. BRAN RCWGRegulatory Competence Working Group • 5 GHz Harmonized EN (RLAN) • To be used for European type approval in < 5.725 GHz • ETSI EN 301 893 v1.2.3 - 5 GHz high performance RLAN; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive • 5.8 GHz Harmonized EN (FWA) • To be used for European type approval in 5.725 - 5.975 GHz • System Reference Document (HiperMAN) • Fixed - nomadic convergence of BWA systems • To be used by ECC for more spectrum allocation Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  37. BRAN Relationship with Other Bodies and Forums ETSI OCG ETSI TM4 ETSI ERM Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  38. Relation BRAN - ITU • Draft ITU-R Recommendation on Radio Interface Specifications(Requirements and Standards) • BRAN and IEEE 802.16 provide harmonized inputs • ITU-D Report on Broadband Technologies (ITU-D Q20/2) • BRAN provided input • ITU-APT Seminar on BWA (Busan, Korea, Sept. 2004) • Presentations from BRAN Vice-Chair Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  39. Relation BRAN - IEEE802.x (1 of 4) Overview IEEE 802 ETSI BRAN Remark WLAN promotion: 802.11a WiFi HiperLAN2 H2GF same PHY layer WMAN promotion: 802.16 (10-66 GHz) HiperAccess same PHY layer (except one FEC detail), further harmonization intended (TC layer, protocol stack) 802.16 (<11 GHz) (16e mobile extension) HiperMAN (fixed or nomadic operation) Base spec: HM harmonized with IEEE Test spec: Norm. ref. in IEEE to HM PICS and TSS&TP WiMAX Forum formal co-operation agreement expected soon WPAN 802.15 currently no activities MBWA 802.20 mobile extension for HM tbd. Roaming 802.21 currently no activities Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  40. Relation BRAN - IEEE802.16 (2 of 4)Mutual Influence HiperMAN - IEEE sub11GHz Source: Mariana Goldhamer, ITU-APT Seminar on BWA, Busan, Korea, Sept. 2004 Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  41. Relation BRAN - IEEE802.16 (3 of 4)Coding Scheme • IEEE 802.16 • WirelessMAN-SC • ETSI BRAN • HiperAccess Why different FEC schemes? Same FEC scheme • IEEE 802.16 • WirelessMAN-OFDM • ETSIBRAN • HiperMAN Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  42. Relation BRAN - IEEE802.16 (4 of 4)MAC Layer • IEEE 802.16 • WirelessMAN-SC • ETSI BRAN • HiperAccess MAC optimized for backhauling Same generic MAC layer • IEEE 802.16 • WirelessMAN-OFDM • ETSIBRAN • HiperMAN Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  43. Co-operation ETSI - WiMAX (1 of 3) The Agreement • ETSI and WiMAX Forum have a common interest • to perform and promote standardization with the aim of a global information infrastructure • in avoiding duplication of technical work • ETSI and WiMAX Forum co-operate for testing and certification • to develop conformance test specifications • to validate the test suite • Status of Agreement • Details of agreement almost agreed (some legal issues to be fixed) • Signature expected soon • Technical experts are already working on this basis since mid 2004 Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  44. Co-operation ETSI - WiMAX (2 of 3) Details • WiMAX Forum • set up the certification scheme to assure interoperability of devices • control all aspects of certification • ETSI • is harmonizing and developing HiperMAN test specifications (PICS, TSS&TP, ATS) that could be used for certification • offers unique resouces • TC MTS (Methods for Testing and Specification) • ETSI PTCC (Protocol and Testing Competence Center) • ETSI Plugtest Service • has proven expertise in testing matters and has proven track record of working with industry fora like WiMAX • Conformance and interoperability testing • Both complement each other • For best probability of interoperability between products - do both! Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  45. Co-operation ETSI - WiMAX (3 of 3) Conformance Testing Process (ISO 9646 Scheme) logging and analysis Test System Product Implementation Under Test testing Executable Test Suite (e.g., C++) Test Report validation implementation compilation Base Standard (or Profile) Industry Req. checklist PICS Test Purposes TSS & TP Test Suite (Test Cases) ATS Continuous interaction between all partners is essential for the process (WiMAX, BRAN, PTCC, STF, test house, test tool vendors, manufacturers) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  46. Conclusions • Wireless industry needs global standards • ETSI BRAN supports all harmonization efforts with other parallel standardization bodies • Co-operation BRAN - IEEE 802.16 shows • what can be achieved • how standard bodies can contribute to each other • Co-operation BRAN - WiMAX Forum • Important signal to the market • ETSI benefits from WiMAX marketing and certification strength • WiMAX Forum benefits from ETSI experience and work approach • ETSI has access to regulatory bodies Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

  47. For more information ... • http://portal.etsi.org/bran(ETSI portal) • http://www.etsi.org/ptcc(ETSI PTCC and testing issues) • bernd.friedrichs@marconi.com(BRAN Chairman) Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE

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