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APUSH: Unit 1, Lecture 1 (covers Chapter 1) Mrs. Kray

Exploration, Discovery, & Settlement , 1492-1700. APUSH: Unit 1, Lecture 1 (covers Chapter 1) Mrs. Kray Some slides taken from Susan Pojer at historyteacher.net. How Did We Get Here?. Land Bridge – 40,000 yrs ago Debate over Native American Population

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APUSH: Unit 1, Lecture 1 (covers Chapter 1) Mrs. Kray

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  1. Exploration, Discovery, & Settlement , 1492-1700 APUSH: Unit 1, Lecture 1 (covers Chapter 1) Mrs. Kray Some slides taken from Susan Pojer at historyteacher.net

  2. How Did We Get Here? • Land Bridge – 40,000 yrs ago • Debate over Native American Population • By 1490s: 50 to 75 mil. • N. America: 1 to 10 mil.

  3. Cultures of Central & South America • Where the great majority of Native Americans lived • Developed highly organized societies • Yucatan – Mayans • Central Mexico – Aztecs • Peru – Incas

  4. Cultures of North America

  5. Small Settlements • Most Common • Settlements semi-permanent • Pop: seldom above 300 • Examples: Sioux and Pawnee

  6. Larger Societies • Southwest (NM) • Pueblos • MI & OH River Valleys • mound-building cultures • Adena, Hopewell, Mississippians • Northeast (NY) • League of the Iroquois

  7. Europe Moves Toward Exploration WHY?

  8. #1 Improvements in Technology • Renaissance Period • time of great artistic and scientific activity • Use of gunpowder spreads • Improvements in shipbuilding and mapmaking • Printing press to spread knowledge

  9. Examples of Technology Astrolobe Caravel Prince Henry the Navigator

  10. #2 Religious Conflict • Spain united under Catholic rulers • 1492  Muslims expelled • Protestant Reformation/Catholic Counter-Reformation • Religious wars swept Europe • Catholics & Protestants want to spread their faith to non-Christians abroad.

  11. #3 Expanding Trade • Fierce competition for trade with Africa, India, and China • Land route to Asia blocked by Ottoman Turks • Looking for new routes to Asia

  12. #4 Rise of Nation-States • Monarchs were gaining power • Depended on trade to bring in needed revenues and the Church to justify their right to rule

  13. Early Explorations

  14. Christopher Columbus • Oct. 12, 1492 lands in Bahamas • Made three trips • His legacy • Treatment of Native Americans • Permanent interaction w/Europeans & Native Americas • Columbian Exchange

  15. Dividing the World

  16. Spanish Conquistadors Cortez Balboa Pizarro

  17. Spanish Exploration & Conquest • Conquistadors sent shiploads of gold and silver back to Spain • increased the gold supply 500% • Spain richest and most powerful nation in Europe • Used the encomienda system • King gave grants of land & Indians to individual Spaniards • Disease decimated native population replaced with African slaves (asiento system)

  18. English Claims

  19. John Cabot, 1497 • Earliest claim • Explored Newfoundland

  20. Sir Francis Drake • 1570s-1580s – sea dogs harassed Spanish shipping • 1588 – English defeat Spanish Armada • British gained naval superiority

  21. Roanoke Island, N.C. 1587 • 1st English settlement in America • “Croatoan” Sir Walter Raleigh

  22. French Claims • 1534-1542: Cartier explored St. Lawrence • 1608: Champlain est. Quebec • 1682: de la Salle explored Louisiana

  23. Dutch Claims • 1609: Explored “Hudson” River & est. claims to surrounding area • New Amsterdam (modern-day NY) • Dutch West India Company • Joint-stock company • Given control of the region

  24. European territorial claims in the New World

  25. Early English Settlements

  26. Jamestown

  27. The Virginia Company, 1606 • Chartered by King James I • Joint stock company

  28. Jamestown, 1607 Early problems: Indian attacks, famine, disease – own mistakes.

  29. John Rolfe John Smith Pocahontas

  30. Tobacco Production 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

  31. Indentured Servitude Headright System

  32. Transition to Royal Colony • Virginia Company went bankrupt • 1624 – King James I revoked their charter • 1st royal colony

  33. Puritan Colonies

  34. Sources of Puritan Migration • Pilgrims were Puritan Separatists • First migrated to Holland • Then to the New World

  35. Voyage on the Mayflower • 1620: 100 passengers take 65 day voyage • Plymouth Rock • Mayflower Compact • Fewer than ½ the passengers were Separatists • Decision would be made by majority decision

  36. The Pilgrims Land at Plymouth, 1620

  37. Plymouth Suffers Hardships • 1st winter  50% die • Thanksgiving • Strong leaders help the colony survive • Miles Standish • Gov. William Bradford • Fish, furs, and lumber become mainstays

  38. Massachusetts Bay Colony Pilgrims? vs. Puritans?

  39. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Far more important and influential to American history than Pilgrims • 1629: Massachusetts Bay Company gains royal charter for a new colony • Great Migration adds another 15,000 • 1630: John Winthrop leads and founds Boston. • “City Upon the Hill” Speech

  40. Early Political Institutions • Majority Rule in Plymouth • Mayflower Compact • Early form of self-government • Early form of written constitution, est. powers and duties of the gov’t • Representative gov’t in Jamestown • To encourage settlement Virginia Company guaranteed colonists same rights as Englishmen • Virginia House of Burgesses • Representative gov’t in Massachusetts • All male members of the Puritan Church had the right to participate in yearly elections

  41. Early Political Institutions

  42. Mayflower Compact, 1620 • Pledge by Pilgrims to make decisions by the will of the majority • Early form of colonial self-government • Early form of written constitution

  43. Limited Nature of Democracy • Only male property owners could vote for representatives • No women voters • No landless voters  will cause problems for free indentured servants later • Many colonial governors ruled with autocratic or unlimited powers and answered only to the king.

  44. European Treatment of Native Americans

  45. Spanish Policy • Approach was to conquer, rule, & intermarry • Encomienda System • A rigid class-system develops

  46. Spanish Settlements in North America

  47. English Policy • No intermarriage • At first relations are decent • Occupied the land and forced tribes they encountered to move away

  48. Powhatan Confederacy

  49. Indian Uprisings Pocahontas Chief Powhatan

  50. Indian Uprisings • 1608-1613: 1st Anglo-Powhatan War • Conflict ended with Pocahontas’ marriage to John Rolfe • 1622: Indian Massacre • 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War • 1644: Indian attack • Powhatan tribe again tried to expel English • 3rd Anglo-Powhatan War

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