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APUSH – October, 4 th

APUSH – October, 4 th. Objectives: To demonstrate your understanding of the two readings To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America to your readings To re-familiarize yourself with religion in the colonies Homework: Essay 1 due tonight by 11:59pm Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed)

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APUSH – October, 4 th

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  1. APUSH – October, 4th • Objectives: • To demonstrate your understanding of the two readings • To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America to your readings • To re-familiarize yourself with religion in the colonies • Homework: • Essay 1 due tonight by 11:59pm • Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed) • Notebook check – Wed • DHL chapters 2 and 3 - Friday

  2. APUSH – October, 4th • Agenda: • Reading quiz • Group discussion on readings • Religion in the colonies review

  3. Reading Quiz • Franklin names 13 virtues: list three of them for me. • Franklin devised a system for developing these virtues. Describe, in general terms, what he did to help himself learn these virtues. • In the Beginning of his epistle Crevecoeur compares people to what? • He goes on to describe America as a what?

  4. Ben Franklin • Are humans perfectible? • Would this system work? Would you use it, if it did? • Look at Franklin's list of moral virtues: are some of these virtues questionable? Are any missing? • How does this approach compare to Puritan ideals? • How might it change America's view of humans, given enough time to develop? • Do we believe Franklin when he says he had accomplished all of them but Order?

  5. Crevecoeur • He talks about a "metamorphosis" undergone by the people who came to America...is this accurate? • Towards the end of this selection, Crevecoeur says "this is an American"--is his description accurate?

  6. 1649: Maryland Toleration Act 1690-93: Salem witch trials 1620: Pilgrims arrive at Plymouth 1656: Quakers arrive in Pennsylvania 1601 1700 1650 Century to come: Great Awakening

  7. Puritanism church and state Overwhelmingly Protestant CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIGION in the Colonies • Motives • Colonial religion part of the continuing debate dating from the Reformation

  8. Issues: role of ministers, number of sacraments, organization of the church, liturgical service, hierarchy, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Quakers, antinomianism, Arminianism Changes in England: Bishop Laud, Charles I, 39 Articles, Civil War, Levellers, Puritan Commonwealth, Test Act (1673), Toleration Act (1689), Glorious Revolution Continuing debate from Reformation

  9. “city on a hill” – an example of a sense of mission Influence of Puritanism • Source of significant ideas: • education for Bible Reading • founding of Harvard to educate ministers • higher law & moral codes • Covenant theology: • boost to the idea of a covenant between government and the governed

  10. Freedom from religious persecution, not religious freedom • Established churches in 9 colonies (tax supported) • Anglican: NY, Md, Va, NC, SC, Ga • Congregational: Mass., Conn, NH • Quakers: Pa • Pennsylvania: 1682: Quakers: Wm. Penn • Rhode Island: Roger Williams • Exile • Relations with tribes • Maryland: Lord Baltimore: Catholic • SC and NJ experiments • French Huguenots • Catholic Spain and France

  11. Union of Church & State: Backlash • Examples: • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Mary Dyer – Quaker • Fear of tyranny • church and state • SPG (Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts) seen as a conspiracy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Dyer

  12. People Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Mary Dyer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Roger_Williams_and_Narragansetts.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons /b/b8/Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg

  13. Called the “Penal Period” by Catholic historians All colonies had anti-Catholic laws at one time America Overwhelmingly Protestant • 1775: • 3142 church buildings – only 56 Catholic, 5 Jewish • More than 98% Protestant (USA now more than 20% Catholic, 3% Jewish)

  14. 4 largest: Congregational – 21% Presbyterian – 19% Anglican – 16% Baptist – 16% CHANGES during the Colonial Period • Multitude of religions • Calvinism influential • Energized by Great Awakening • Many unchurched • Religions contributed to rise of political liberty

  15. Influence of Calvin • Emphasis on evangelical Calvinism: • Emphasis on the individual’s direct relationship with God rather than the church’s corporate one • Emphasis on emotion, not doctrine

  16. Colleges established to train ministers Princeton King’s College – Columbia RI College – Brown Queens College – Rutgers -Dartmouth College Influence of Great Awakening1730s-40s • Reinvigorated Calvinistic influence • Missionaries to Westerners and Indians • In-Fighting • Old Lights vs. New Lights

  17. Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

  18. Many unchurched or Deists • Religion or philosophy that sees God reflected in nature and known through reason and personal reflection, or unknowable • Generally rejects supernatural events or divine interference in human life • Generally rejects organized religion • Many never attended • 1776: Philadelphia • Few churches or missionaries in backwoods areas • Deism

  19. Disestablishment came only because it proved too difficult to establish a single church: they tried! Separation of church and state Religious freedom was not the original desire For example: Maryland act of toleration Contribution to Political Liberty: • James I: “No bishop, no king” – attack on the church was attack on the crown • Concept of natural laws, natural rights fed by deism • Weak church organization and control spurred individualism (Calvin’s emphasis on individual)

  20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:GROWTH1850.JPG

  21. Maryland: Catholic (1649: Toleration Act) • Massachusetts Bay: Puritan • Pennsylvania: tolerant • Plymouth: Puritan • Rhode Island: tolerant • Virginia: Church of England • Spanish Florida: Catholic • New France (lower Canada): Catholic • (later) Upper Canada: Church of England Colonial Maps http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/T_M06_ColAmerCP300g15.gif

  22. Resources used: • Becker, Bruce, notes. • Brewer, Jaques, Jones, and King. “Religion in Colonial America.” http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/16071783/religion.htm, viewed Sept. 21, 2007 • “Religion and the Founding of the American Republic”, Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/, viewed 21 Sept 07 • “Gilbert Tennent”, http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0848163.html • http://www.quaker.org/wmpenn.html

  23. People Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Antinomianism Belief that “child of God” need not be restrained by civil or other law Exiled from Plymouth Death at hands of Indians was taken to be divine retribution • Kicked out of Mass. Bay • Founded RI • Religious Freedom • Treatment of Native Americans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Roger_Williams_and_Narragansetts.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons /b/b8/Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg

  24. Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield • “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • Preached during “Great Awakening” • Foe of the “halfway covenant” • Methodist Preacher • Revivalist

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