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The Endocrine System

By: Kasey Carns & Amberly Anderson. The Endocrine System. Major Glands/Organs. Hypothalamus. Roles/Functions:. The portion of the brain that maintains the body's internal balance (homeostasis) The hypothalamus is the link between the endocrine and nervous system.

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The Endocrine System

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  1. By: Kasey Carns & Amberly Anderson The Endocrine System

  2. Major Glands/Organs

  3. Hypothalamus Roles/Functions: • The portion of the brain that maintains the body's internal balance (homeostasis) • The hypothalamus is the link between the endocrine and nervous system. • Produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which stop and start the production of other hormones throughout the body.

  4. Pituitary (the master gland) Roles/Functions: • Help regulate the functions of other endocrine glands. • The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production.

  5. Pineal Gland Roles/Functions: • Produces melatonin, which helps maintain circadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones.

  6. Thyroid Roles/Functions: • Regulates your metabolism, which is your body's ability to break down food and convert it to energy.

  7. Adrenal Roles/Functions: • The adrenal cortex (outer part): Produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which helps control blood pressure) • The Adrenal Medulla (inner part): Produces non-essential hormones, such as adrenaline (helps you react to stress).

  8. Pancreas Roles/Functions: • Maintains the body’s blood glucose balance. • Primary hormones of the pancreas include insulin and glucagon.

  9. Thymus gland Roles/Functions: • Thymosinis the hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells. • Located behind your sternum and between your lungs but is only active until puberty. • After puberty the thymus gland starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat.

  10. Female Gonads (Ovaries) Roles/Functions: • Maintains the health of the female reproductive system. • They secrete two main hormones: estrogen and progesterone, which are vital to normal reproductive development and fertility.

  11. Male Gonads (Testes) Roles/Functions: • Secrete testosterone, which is necessary for proper physical development in boys. • In adulthood, testosterone maintains muscle strength and bone density.

  12. Positive vs. Negative Feedback • Negative feedback controls the rate of a process to avoid accumulation of a product. The rate of a process will continuously accelerate under positive feedback as long as substrate is available.

  13. Negative Feedback Stimulus response chain: • Destabilizing stimulus is sensed. • Hormone secretion is triggered. • Hormone activity lowers to bring process back to pre-stimulus state. Example: When blood calcium level drops, parathyroid glands sense that and secrete hormones that cause release of calcium from bone. Blood calcium levels return to normal, secretion stops.

  14. Positive Feedback • In childbirth, stretching of uterus brings out production of hormones that stimulate contraction of uterine muscles; this leads to more stretching of uterus, more hormone secretion, more muscle contractions; loop is broken upon birth of a baby.

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