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Porifera

Porifera. Phylum Porifera – the sponges. Porus (pore) + Fera (bearing) Abundant marine group with some fresh water species. Can range in size from a few mm high to 1-2 meters. Classification Kingdom Animalia (animals) Phylum Porifera (sponges) Classes :

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Porifera

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  1. Porifera

  2. Phylum Porifera – the sponges • Porus (pore) + Fera (bearing) Abundant marine group with some fresh water species. Can range in size from a few mm high to 1-2 meters.

  3. Classification Kingdom Animalia (animals) Phylum Porifera (sponges) Classes: 1. Calcarea (calcium carbonate )- having spicules, only class with asconoid and synconoid canals 2. Demosponginae (horn sponges, like the bath sponge) 90 % of all sponges 3. Scleropongiae (coralline or tropical reef sponges) 4. Hexactinellida (glass sponges). Mostly deep, cold water

  4. Common Examples • Glassy Sponge

  5. Common Examples • Glassy Sponge • Encrusting Sponge

  6. Common Examples • Glassy Sponge • Encrusting Sponge • Finger Sponge

  7. Common Examples • Glassy Sponge • Encrusting Sponge • Finger Sponge • Tube Sponge

  8. Common Examples • Glassy Sponge • Encrusting Sponge • Finger Sponge • Tube Sponge • Orange Sponge

  9. Characteristics • Porifera are asymmetrical • No organs, mouth, digestive system or nervous tissue. • Their bodies are porous, with canals and chambers thru which a water current flows, • One or more internal cavities lined with choanocytes.

  10. Simplest Multicellular Organism • Classified by their skeleton • Pump 22.5 liters (on average) of water a day through it’s body

  11. No mouth organs, systems, digestive tract, anus, nerve cells. • Surface perforated by numerous pores. These outer pores are called the pinacocytes • Incurrent openings are small and numerous (called ostia) • Excurrent - few and large

  12. Internal cavities. • Interior is hollow (called the spongocoel) or can be permeated by numerous channels. • Some or all interior spaces are lined by specialized cells called choanocytes. These cells beat and pull water through the ostia. • -The mesohyl lies between the inner and outer cell layers. It contains a jelly like fluid called the mesoglea.

  13. Sponge Anatomy 101

  14. How do sponges eat? • Sponges are suspension feeders. • Water brings in food that is trapped by the choanocytes and transferred to the rest of the sponge by cells called archaeocytes.

  15. How do sponges eat? choanocytes amebocytes

  16. Sponge Organization • The body is supported by an endoskeleton of spongin (a form of collagen) and/or tiny spicules (made of calcium or silica).

  17. Spicules • calcium carbonate • microscopic • geometric • all over sponge’s body • fingerprint of sponge

  18. Canal Systems Three major types: • Asconoid-the simplest type of organization. Small and tube shaped, water enters the sponge through dermal pores and flows into the interior.

  19. Asconoid

  20. Canal Systems • Syconoid-larger versions of asconoids, still having just a single osculum. However, the body wall is generally thicker and more complex with incurrent canals rather than simple pores.

  21. Syconoid

  22. Canal Systems • Leuconoid-the most complex in design in that not all the chambers are flagellated. • Water flowing in through incurrent canals is pumped through the chambers and expelled via one of a series of oscula. • Best adapted to increase size.

  23. Leuconoid

  24. Sponge Reproduction

  25. Cool Stuff – Regeneration! • Tremendous ability to repair and restore lost parts. • Sponge tissue has some similarity to human connective tissue. Could lead to aid in tissue transplantation. • Asexual Reproduction • Asexual budding can produce new sponges. • Sexual Reproduction • Most sponges are hermaphroditic and can internally fertilize themselves.

  26. Importance of Sponges • Reefs provide habitat for many animals • Vacuums of the sea -- clean up the sea floor/oceans • Sponges are a commercial venture • Several medicinal compounds, including antibiotics, antivirual drugs, and drugs for leukemia come from sponges.

  27. Rope Sponges

  28. Question #1 Which of the following characteristics makes sponges unique among other animals? • They are multicellular. • They are heterotrophic. • They do not have a mouth or gut. • They are capable of reproducing sexually.

  29. Question #2 What type of cellular structure does a choanocyte use to help create the current inside a sponge? • cilium • flagellum • spongellium • pseudopodium

  30. Question #3 The skeleton of a sponge includes tiny crystal-like structures that are called • spongin • spicules • collagen • choanocytes

  31. Question #4 Which of the following sponge body types would you expect to find in this sponge from the video? • Asconoid • Syconoid • Leuconoid

  32. Question #5 Which of the four classes of sponges includes sponges with both silica and calcium carbonate in their skeletons? • Calcarea • Hexactinellida • Demospongiae • Sclerospongiae

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