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PET 2nd Meeting: WATER

PET 2nd Meeting: WATER. THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN OUR COMMUNITY Water in olden times Water for agriculture Water awareness. ARAB BATHS IN JAÉN. IES MIGUEL SÁNCHEZ LÓPEZ. TORREDELCAMPO (JAÉN). WHERE ARE THE ARAB BATHS?. THE DUCK SQUARE. HISTORIC CENTER OF JAÉN.

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PET 2nd Meeting: WATER

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  1. PET 2nd Meeting: WATER THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN OUR COMMUNITY • Water in olden times • Waterforagriculture • Waterawareness

  2. ARAB BATHS IN JAÉN IES MIGUEL SÁNCHEZ LÓPEZ. TORREDELCAMPO (JAÉN)

  3. WHERE ARE THE ARAB BATHS? THE DUCK SQUARE HISTORIC CENTER OF JAÉN THE ARAB BATHS ARE SITUATED IN THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF JAEN, SPECIFICALY , IN THE POPULAR AREA OF MAGDALENA THE KAIMAN FOUNTAIN OF MAGDALENA

  4. TIMELINE OF JAEN AND HIS ARAB BATHS THE OLD ROMAN ARAB BATHS, FROM WHICH THE BASE WAS MADE USE OF. CONSTRUCTED IN THE 11TH CENTURY, THE YEAR 1002, UNDER THE RULE OF KING ALÍ. RENOVATED AND DECORATED IN THE ALMOHADE ERA (12TH CENTURY) USED BY CHRISTIANS AFTER THE RECONQUEST OF JAEN UNDER THE RULE OF FERNANDO III ABANDONED UNTILL THE 20TH CENTURY, WHEN THEY WERE REDISCOVERED

  5. IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN THE ARAB WORLD WATER HAD A GREAT IMPORTANCE IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES AS IT WAS VERY SCARCE, THE OASIS WERE VERY IMPORTANT ZONES. THE QUORAN SAYS THAT FROM WATER CAME THE FIRST HUMANS HEAVEN FOR MUSLIMS IS A PLACE FULL OF FOUNTAINS AND GARDENS WATER PURIFIES THE SOUL AND WASHES AWAY SINS GOD CREATED THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND HIS THRONE IN THE SEA GOD REIGHNS OVER HEAVEN AND EARTH AND PASSES JUDGEMENT IN THE FORM OF RAIN

  6. IMPORTANCE OF BATHS IN THE MUSLIM WORLD FUNCTIONS OF THE ARAB BATHS RELIGIOUS FUNCTION SOCIAL FUNCTION POLITICAL FUNCTION -- MARRIED PEOPLE WOULD ALL GO TO THE BATHS -- THE GOSSIPS OF THE CITY -- THE ORGANISATION OF THE CITY AND IMPORTANT BUSSINESS MEETINGS TOOK PLACE IN THE BATHS. -- CLEANSE THE SOUL BEFORE PRAYER EVERY DAY -- THE BATHS WERE NEXT TO THE MOSQUES

  7. THE DIFFERENT ROOMS OF THE HAMMAN EVERY ARAB BATH HAS 4 CHAMBERS EACH OF WHICH SERVE A DIFFERENT PURPOSE.

  8. FIRST ROOM: DRESSING ROOM IT WAS IN THE FIRST ROOM THAT CUSTOMERS UNDRESSED AND LEFT THEIR CLOTHES IN CLOSETS. HERE THEY GAVE TOWELS AND SANDALS MADE OF WOOD OR CORK, BECAUSE THE FLOOR OF THE ROOMS REACHED HIGH TEMPERATURES

  9. SECOND ROOM, THE COLD ROOM PEOPLE DIDNT USUALY SPEND A LOT OF TIME IN THAT ROOM DUE TO THE COLD TEMPERATURE THIS IS THE SMALLEST ROOM AND IS THE SAME DESIGN AS THE DRESSING ROOM, IT SERVES TO REGULATE THE BODY TEMPERATE BEFORE GOING INTO THE WARMER ROOMS

  10. 3RD ROOM, THE TEMPERATE ROOM -- THIS ROOM IS WERE PEOPLE SPENT MOST OF THEIR TIME AND SERVED AS A MEETING ROOM FOR THE ISLAMIC COMMUNITY -- IT IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST TEMPERATE ROOM IN EUROPE -- IT WAS POSSIBLE TO GET MASAJES, TRY ON PERFUMES AND EVEN EAT THERE

  11. FOURTH ROOM, THE HOTROOM OVEN WHICH WARMED THE BATHS COLD WATER BATH -- THIS ROOM WOULD REACH VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES DUE TO THE FACT IT WAS WHERE THE OVEN THAT HEATED ALL THE BATHS WAS SITUATED -- IT WAS THE ROOM IN WHICH THE MUSLIMS WASHED THEMSELVES -- IT WAS THE ONLY PLACE IN WHICH PEOPLE BATHED IN COLD WATER.

  12. SPANISH ARAB BATHS NOWADAYS CURRENTLY MANY ARABS BATHS HAVE BEEN REFURNISHED AND ARE USED AS A SPACE OF LEISURE, RELAX AND SPA.

  13. SUSTAINABLE WATER USE IN OLIVE ORCHARD IRRIGATION

  14. OLIVE TREES IN COUNTRIES • Main olive-producing countries in 2009 (Source: FAOSTAT) • ProductionTonsCultivatedarea • (ha) Yield • World 18,241,809 9,922,836 1.83 • Spain 6,204,700 2,500,000 2.48 • Italy 3,600,500 1,159,000 3.11 • Greece 2,444,230 765,000 3.14 • Turkey 1,290,654 727,513 1.77 • Syria 885,942 635,691 1.39 • Morocco 770,000 550,000 1.4 • Tunisia 750,000 2,300,000 0.33 • Egypt 500,000 110,000 4.55 • Algeria 475,182 288,442 1.65 • Portugal 362,600 380,700 0.95 • Lebanon 76,200 250,000 0.65 • Jordan 189,000 126,000 1.5

  15. Spain as producer • -Spainisthebiggestproducer of olive oil in theworld. In fact, Andalucia produces themajority of alltheSpanish olive oil. Jaen, isthe olive capital of theworld. • - Ourtown, Torredelcampo, participates in harvestingthe olives. Most of thepeople in ourtownmake a living workingwiththistype of agriculture. SPAIN TORREDELCAMPO JAEN …

  16. IRRIGATION METHODS • -Olive trees have been traditionally considered as a dry-land crop, although these trees have a very positive response to the contribution of water. The response at a productive level has been a great expansion of the irrigation of olive fields in a short period of time. • -Effort is needed to find economic crops using minimal water, to use application methods that minimize loss of water by: • Evaporation from the soil • Percolation of water beyond the depth of root zone • Minimize losses of water from storage or delivery systems.

  17. 1) Tradicional methods BASIN IRRIGATION Inbasin irrigation the water is applied to leveled fields bounded by dikes, the so-called basins. The shape and size of the basin depends on crop type. The basin has raised beds around the tree trunk to prevent disease development.

  18. FURROW IRRIGATION • In furrow irrigation water is applied to small and regular channels, called furrows, and this method is usually applied to row crops. Furrows must have a mild slope and inflow discharges must be such that water movement is not too fast, nor too slow.

  19. BORDER IRRIGATION • In border irrigation water is applied to short or long strips of land, diked on both sides and open at the downstream end. Water is applied at the upstream end and moves as a sheet down the border. The method is best adapted to areas with slow slopes.

  20. 2) Sprinklingirrigation • -Sprinkling irrigation developed mainly after 1950, with the introduction of light-weighted aluminum pipes. The water is applied over the entire ground surface in the form of rain, using a type of irrigation that allows the water to be carried with adequate pressure to the sprinklers. • -There is ,also, a Micro-Irrigation System (MIS) that applies water through small devices which deliver it onto the soil surface very near to the plant. MIS

  21. 3) DRIP IRRIGATION • - ON _ SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION • Drip irrigation systems apply the water to individual plants by means of plastic pipes, usually laid on the ground surface. • SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION (SDI) • Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is a low-pressure, low volume irrigation system that uses buried tubes to apply water. • The applied water moves out of the tubes by suction. Wetting occurs around the tube and water moves out in the soil in all directions. •ADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION ARE…. Water conservation and enhanced fertilizer efficiency.

  22. Application efficiency of irrigation systems • Irrigation System Efficiency • Furrow/Flood Less than 50%-90% (depends on soil and slope) • Overhead Sprinkler 65%-75% • Micro sprinkler 75%-85% • Drip Greater than 85% • -So as we can see in the table this drip irrigation technique has been proved to be the most efficient. Out of all these types of irrigation, the most common and advisable system is local drip irrigation because, water losses due to percolation or evaporation hardly exist. Furthermore, drip irrigation is an unbeatable resource for the fertilization of olive trees.

  23. Awareness and saving of water.

  24. In our High School • Wehave done manyactivities to promoteconservative use of water in youngpeople. • Students in ouryearhavecolaboratedwiththeprojectsincethebeginning of theschoolyear. • Wehavelearntlots of usefulinformationtomakethemost of ourwater.

  25. Projectswehave done. • At firstwehad to decide whichwasthebestproject to carryout (drawingwaterdrops, bookmarks, etc). • The firstdecisionwetookwastheoneaboutthedrops of water. • Allthestudentshelped to makethem. Somepeoplemadetheshape, otherpeoplewrotethemessage… • Whenallwasfinishedwehungthemfromtheceiling of theentrance hall.

  26. Projectswehave done • Wehavemadesomebookmarks as a secondaryway to tellpeople of theimportance of savingwater and thenwemadesurethateveryonegotone of them.

  27. . SAVING WATER AT HOME Be carefulwithwater In the bath room is used the 75% the water consumed at home. In the kitchen is used 5% of the water consumed at home. The washing machine used a 20% (170 liters/ every washing) and the dishwasher used 50 liters every time we used it. If you take a bath you´ll consume 300 liters. If you take a shower for 5 minutes you consume 100 liters. Every time you wash your teeth is needed 15 liters, and 40 liters every time you empty your wc • Every time you wash your car is consumed 375 liters • To watering 100 m2 of lawn 400 liters of water are needed • In developed countries a lot of more water that needed is consumed. We use around 350 liters by person and day, when really only a maximum of 50 liters are necessaries.

  28. Sometips are: • Closingthetapwhenyou are brushingyourteethorhaving a shower. • using adjustable nozzles in the taps that reduce water flow. • Usingthewashing machine onlywhenit’s full. • Don’t use thetoilet as a rubbishbin.

  29. Survey Taking a surveyforthefamilies in our High schoolwegettheseresults:

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