Taharah wa Wudu Water

1. TaharahwaWuduWater The Shariah has divided water into 4 kinds:

2. Mutlaq Water • Considered pure because of its inherent purity and can be used by an individual to purify himself/herself. It consists of the following categories: •  Rain water, snow & hail – all are pure Allah says: And it is He who sends the winds as good tidings before His mercy, and We send down from the sky pure water [Al-Furqan 25:48]

3. Mutlaq water • Sea Water • The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “Its (the sea) water is pure & its dead (animals) are lawful (i.e. they can be eaten without any prescribed slaughtering).” [Related by “the five” incl Tirmidhi & Bukhari] • Water from Zamzam well

4. Altered water • Water whose form has been altered because of it being in a place for a long period of time, or because of the place it is located, or because of its being mixed with a substance that cannot be completely removed from it (i.e. water mixed with algae, tree leaves etc).

5. Used water • Wudu or ghusl water (which drips from a person) considered pure because it was pure before ablution and there is no basis think it has lost its purity.

6. Water mixed with pure elements Includes water mixed with substances like soap, saffron, flowers etc. • Objects considered pure by the Shariah. Considered pure as long as its not • mixed with other substances so that it is no longer considered water.

7. Mixed with impure objects • Water mixed with impure objects • The impure substance alters the taste, colour or odour of the water • water cannot be used for purification. The impure substance has not altered in its taste, colour or odour (still considered water) – can be used for purification.

8. Leftover Leftover Water –what remains in a pot after some of it is drunk. • 5 Types • 1. Water leftover after people have drunk from the pot • Water is still considered pure, regardless whether drunk by a Muslim, disbeliever, a person in junab or haid.

9. Leftover • 2. Water left in a container after an “allowable” animal (i.e. an animal whose meat is permissible to eat) has drunk from it. Considered pure as animal is permissible to consume. • 3. Water remaining in a pot after it has been drunk by a donkey, mule, beasts or birds of prey considered pure.

10. Leftover • 4.Water remaining in a pot after a cat has drunk from it considered pure.  • 5. Water left in a pot after a pig or dog has drunk from it considered impure.

11. Najasah Impurities (Najasah) • Najasah refers to impure substances that Muslims must avoid and wash off if they should contaminate their clothes, body etc.

12. Types Types of Impurities • Dead Animals – refers to animals that die from “natural causes” (without proper Islamic slaughtering). Also includes anything that is cut off a live animal.

13. Exceptions The following are exceptions to this rule: • Dead animals of the sea and dead locusts. • Dead animals that have no running blood (i.e. bees, ants etc). • The bones horns, claws, fur, feathers, skin etc of dead animals.

14. Exception • Blood – the blood that does not flow out (from a slaughtered animal), but remains in the veins is permissible. Blood that flows out at the time of slaughtering is forbidden. Also includes menstruation blood which is impure.

15. Exception • Pig’ Meat – According to most of the scholars it’s permissible to knit with pig’s hair. The meat is forbidden. • Vomiting of a person, urine and excrement – impure. • However, slight amount of vomit and urine of an unweaned male baby are overlooked and pardoned - sufficient just to sprinkle with water. Urine of a baby girl is to be washed off.

16. Others • Al – Wadi (thick white secretion discharge after urination) – considered impure. Private parts should be washed and ablution performed. Ghusl not necessary.

17. Others • Al-Madhi/Prostatic fluid (semen) – white sticky fluid that flows from sexual organs due to thinking about sexual intercourse or foleplay etc. Comes from male and female sexual organs. Considered impure and must be washed off and ablution performed.

18. Others • Al Mani or Sperm – some scholars say it is impure, but it’s pure as recommended to wash it off if still wet and to scratch it off if dry. Ghusl needs to be performed if it is discharged owing to stimulation. • The status of urine and stools of animals permissible to eat – impure.

19. Others • Al-Jallalah – refers to an animal that eats the waste or flesh of other animals. Forbidden to drink such animal’s milk, to ride them or consume its meat.  • Alcohol – impure according to most scholars.  • Dogs – impure. Any container licked by a dog must be washed 7 times, first washing being with dirt.

20. Useful Points  • The ground is purified by pouring water over it. Impure liquid is purified by it drying and impure solid is purified by its removal/decay. • Tanning purifies the skin and fur of a dead animal.

21. Doubt • If liquid falls on a person and he does not know if it was water or urine, he need not to inquire about it. The one who is asked need not to answer him even if he knows the liquid to be impure. In that case, there is no need for the person to wash his clothes.

22. Etiquettes of going to the bathroom: • It is not proper for one to carry something that has Allah’s name upon it (unless one fears of losing it or having it stolen) while going to the bathroom. • One should move and hide oneself from others.

23. Etiquette of toilet • One should mention the name of Allah and seek refuge in Him when entering privy or removing his clothes to relieve himself. • One should not talk unless necessary.

24. Etiquette • One should neither face nor turn his back on the qiblah whilst relieving himself. • One may not urinate whilst standing. Permissible if can guarantee no impurities will touch him. • One should not clean himself with his right hand. • Enter bathroom with left foot and exit with right foot.

25. Acts that correspond to the nature of mankind These acts distinguish Muslims from the rest of mankind: • Circumcision – prevents dirt entering and makes it easy to keep clean. • Shaving pubic and underarm hairs

26. Acts of nature • Clipping one’s finger nails, trimming and shaving the moustache – preferred to be done on a weekly basis but no longer then 40 days. • Leaving grey hairs in place - not plucking them, however permissible to dye.

27. Ablution means to wash one’s face, hands, arms, head and feet with water. Wudhu is part of Islamic Law: Wudu to clean specific limbs as prescribed by the shari’ah. Quran – Allah says: O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favour upon you that you may be grateful. [Al-Ma’idah:6] ABLUTION (WUDHU)

28. [Al-Ma’idah:6]

29. Wudu • Hadith – Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “Allah does not accept the prayer of one who nullified his ablution until he performs it again.” [Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud & at-Tirmidhi]

30. Wudu Obligatory parts of ablution – must be fulfilled for wudhu to be valid: • Intention – purely an act of the heart. • Umar related that the Prophet (pbuh) said: “Every action is based on the intention (behind it) and everyone shall have what he intended….” Related by “the group”.

31. Wudu • Washing the face • Washing the arms to the elbow • Wiping the head – Prophet (pbuh) used to wipe his head 3 different ways:

32. Wudu • a. Wiping all of his head – The Prophet (pbuh) wiped his entire head with his hands. He started with the front of his head, then moved to the back and then returned his hands to the front. (Related by “the group”)

33. Wiping • B .Wiping over the turbun only – Said ‘Amru ibn Umayyah, “I saw the Messenger of Allah, upon whom be peace, wipe over his turban and shoes.” [Related by Ahmad, Bukhari & Ibn Majah). Bilal reported that the Prophet, upon him be peace, said, “Wipe over your shoes and headcovering.” (Related by Ahmad).

34. Wipng • Wiping over the front portion of the scalp and turban – The Messenger of Allah (pbuh), made ablution and wiped over the front portion of his scalp, his turban and his socks. (Related by Muslim).

35. Washing the feet and the heels • Following the prescribed sequence – Allah mentioned the obligation in a specific order. The Prophet (pbuh) maintained this sequence.

36. The Sunan acts of the ablution • Mentioning the name of Allah at the beginning • Dental Hygiene – The Prophet (pbuh) said: “Were it not to be hardship on my community, I would have ordered them to use a toothbrush for every ablution.” (Related by Malik, ash-Shaf’I, al-Baihaqi and al-Hakim). The Prophet (pbuh) said: “

37. Sunan • The toothbrush purifies the mouth and is pleasing to the Lord.” (Related by Ahmad, an-Nisa’i and at-Tirmidhi) • Repeating each washing 3 times (except wiping the head) • Running one’s finger through his beard

38. Sunan • Beginning each action with the right side • Rubbing the limbs with water • Close sequence • Wiping the ears • Elongating the streams of light –

39. Sunan • – this refers to washing the complete forehead and washing above the elbows and ankles. Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “My nation will come with bright streaks of light from the traces of ablution.” Abu Hurairah then said, “If one can lengthen his steak of light, he should do so.” [Related by Ahmad, Bukhari and Muslim]

40. Sunan • Economising the use of water, even if one is in front of the sea • Supplication after ablution – Umar reported that the Prophet (pbuh) said: “If one completes (and perfects) the ablution and says:

41. Sunan • ‘I testify that there is no god except Allah, the One who has no partner and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger” the eight gates of paradise will be opened for him and he may enter any of them that he wishes.” [Muslim]

42. Sunan • Praying two rak’ah after ablution – The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “If one performs and perfects his ablution and prays two rak’ah with his heart and face (completely on his prayer), Paradise becomes his.” [Muslim, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah]

43. Sunan • Notes: • Supplication while performing ablution – nothing authentic to support this. • It is permissible to speak while performing ablution – there is nothing reported from the sunnah that prohibits this.

44. Nullification of Ablution: • An excretion of the penis, vagina or anus • Deep sleep that makes a person completely unaware of his surroundings • Lost of consciousness • Touching the sexual organ without any “barrier” (e.g. clothes) between the hand and the organ

45. Doesnotnullify Actions that do not nullify the ablution • Touching a woman • Bleeding from an unusual place – this involves bleeding due to a wound, cupping or a nosebleed and regardless of whether the amount of blood is small or large.

46. Does not nullify Said al-Hassan, “The Muslims still prayed even while wounded.” [Bukhari]. He also reported, “Ibn Umar squeezed a pimple until it bleed, but he did not renew his ablution, Ibn Abi Uqiyy spat blood and continued his prayer. Umar ibn al-Khattab prayed while blood was flowing from him. Ibbad ibn Bishr was hit with an arrow while praying, but continued his prayers.” [Related by Abu Dawud and Bukhari].

47. Does not nullify • Vomit – regardless of whether the amount of vomit was small or large. There is no sound hadtih that nullifies this ablution • Eating camel meat

48. Does not nullify • Of doubts whether or not one has released gas – this is the case where the person cannot quite recall if he is in a state of purity or not. Such a state of mind does not nullify ablution, regardless of whether the person is in prayer or not, until he is certain that he has nullified his ablution.

49. Does not nullify • Abbad ibn Tameen related that his uncle queried the Prophet (pbuh) about a person who feels something in his abdomen while praying. Said the Prophet (pbuh) “He should not leave (the prayer) until he hears it or smells it.” [Muslim, Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi] • Laughing during prayer • Washing a dead person

50. When compulsory Actions that require ablution as a prerequisite • Three actions require ablution in order for them to be accepted by Islamic Law. These are: • Any type of ritual prayer – this involves only obligatory, voluntary or funeral prayers.