Stefan Arbanowski, FOKUS stefan.arbanowski@fokus.fraunhofer.de Wolfgang Kellerer, DoCoMo Euro-Labs

1. WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 Reference model for I-centric Communications STRATEGIC VISION on future research directions in the wireless field Stefan Arbanowski, FOKUS stefan.arbanowski@fokus.fraunhofer.de Wolfgang Kellerer, DoCoMo Euro-Labs kellerer@docomolab-euro.com WWRF13, Jeju, Korea, Feb. 2-3, 2005

2. WG2 Overall plan VISION • I-Centric Communications • Personalization, Ambient awareness, Adaptation • adaptable to each individual communication space • adaptable to the environment • intelligence in the system • integrating service enablers to control and manage the individual communication space • Current state • 5 whitepapers available  wg2.ww-rf.org (members only) • Next steps • Further identification of Wireless World’ building blocks Ref Model Arch WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

3. Reference Model for future telecommunication systems Reference Model should take into account: • blurring business roles • personalized, ambient-aware, adaptive end user services • augmented environments as part of the ubiquitous communication system • new networking services: ad-hoc, p2p (content aware, secure, QoS aware) • all IP: always best connected, packet switched, broadband multimedia applications • flexible platform supporting diff access technologies, global coverage, global roaming • further convergence of voice, data, and mobile communications • new wireless links (high/low data rate, long/short range) to serve different application domains WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

4. Rationales for I-centric Communication • Present telecommunication systems: • designed for specific end systems and services (Fax for facsimile, telephone for telephony, TV broadcasting for TV sets etc) • are presentation oriented, each of them has its own presentation style • Since they are generic there is no limitation of the communication space • Consequently there is no integration at service level • No user initiated service creation • Human beings have limited communication spaces: • I do not know everybody - I am not interested in everything etc. • in general humans are interested in semantic and not in the kind of presentation of a specific communication system • they need telecommunication services to control, communicate, get informed, etc. as a prolongation of their human senses WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

5. CORE NETWORK ACCESS NETWORK All-IP COMMUNICATION HOME / OFFICE / CAR NETWORKS PERSONAL AREA / WEARABLES NETWORKS I-centric communication systems - RationalesNetwork Penetration WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

6. Human Communication Space & Underlying Artefacts Money ??? Movie People Place News Knowledge Food WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

7. I-centric Communications • Human beings communicate with their environment: • within a set of contexts • objects and their causality define a context • an object is every time part of one or many context(s) • an object can be modified / controlled / queried • Objects of interest: • have to be composable rules for context definition • have to be encapsulated  object + interface • have to be controllable  framework WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

8. Money Time Movie People Place News Info Time Movie Food People Place Place News News Info Info Food Food Reference Points WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

9. Reference Points & Domain Models WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

10. RM for I-Centric Communications Communication Space (Contexts & Objects) User Model & Appl. Scenarios Service Semantic Ambient Awareness Personalization Adaptation Service Bundling ServiceControl Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment ConflictResolution Generic Service Elements for all layers Application Support Layer Service Platform BusinessModel Service Execution Layer Service Support Layer IP based Communication Subsystem Network Control & Management Layer IP Transport Layer Networks Wired or wireless Networks Devices and Communication End Systems Terminals WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

11. Ambient Awareness Personalization Adaptation Service Bundling ServiceControl Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment ConflictResolution Application Support Layer BusinessModel Service Execution Layer Service Support Layer Network Control & Management Layer IP Transport Layer Networks Terminals Challenges:Business Model • One business model for Wireless World service architectures • Roles, relationships, and reference points • Business topology • Intelligence inside network or terminal • Mobility features – mobile service vs. mobile user • Service lifecycle (creation, deployment, management, billing) • Benefits for operators and users (market value chain) WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

12. Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Service Bundling ServiceControl Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment ConflictResolution Application Support Layer Service Execution Layer Service Support Layer Network Control & Management Layer IP Transport Layer Networks Terminals Challenges:Service Semantic Personalization • Personalized services that automatically reflect user needs • consensus: profile format & categories, standards to exchange profiles & secure privacy sensitive parts • integrate all personalization aspects • profile learning functionality • distributed, loosely coupled, personalization architecture WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

13. Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Service Bundling ServiceControl Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment ConflictResolution Application Support Layer Service Execution Layer Service Support Layer Network Control & Management Layer IP Transport Layer Networks Terminals Challenges:Service Semantic Ambient Awareness • Development of integrated concepts and strategies for handling situational information • Gathering / exchanging situational information (user activity, geo. location and mobility, physical circumstances, etc.) • Evaluating situational information (How should services behave in order to optimize the user experience) WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

14. Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Service Bundling ServiceControl Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment ConflictResolution Application Support Layer Service Execution Layer Service Support Layer Network Control & Management Layer IP Transport Layer Networks Terminals Challenges:Service Semantic Adaptation • Applications adapting dynamically to new situations (location, time, user needs, network and end-device capabilities) • How to translate the wishes of users, which are almost always inaccurate, incomplete and sometimes even contradictory, into a set of rules precise enough for processing to be automated with sufficient reliability? WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

15. Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Service Bundling ServiceControl Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment ConflictResolution Application Support Layer Service Execution Layer Service Support Layer Network Control & Management Layer IP Transport Layer Networks Terminals Challenges and Examples:Generic Service Elements / Service Platform Generic Service Elements • Functional components which • can be applied by different services • can be applied to several layers • are compliant to a Core Service Framework Model • Examples: • Service Discovery (a mechanism to discover service features dynamically that are provided within a certain context) • Service Deployment (how to deploy services in wireless environments facing temporal unavailability of nodes etc.) • Service Composition (dynamic inter-working of services will help to create and operate contexts) • Environment Monitoring (situational information for context adaptation) WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

16. Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Service Bundling ServiceControl Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment ConflictResolution Application Support Layer Service Execution Layer Service Support Layer Network Control & Management Layer IP Transport Layer Networks Terminals Challenges and Examples:IP based communication Subsystem • Transversal issues on cooperation (either integration or interworking) between different Access technologies. • Broadcasting and Mobile Networking cooperation • Backward compatibility issues of "All-IP" wide area mobile networks and the existing and emerging standards • Network Reconfigurability • Mobile Broadcasting and Multicasting • Mobility and Resource management and end-to-end QoS techniques • Security, AAA, Charging and Billing issues • Software radio and reconfigurable RF and Baseband architectures • Reconfigurability Management and Architectures • Active Networking • Ad-hoc / multi-hop networking • Mobile IP enhancements WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

17. Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Service Bundling ServiceControl Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment ConflictResolution Application Support Layer Service Execution Layer Service Support Layer Network Control & Management Layer IP Transport Layer Networks Terminals Challenges and Examples:Wired or wireless Networks • Scenario definitions and service related traffic analyses • Concepts for NG systems • Spectrum requirements for next generation (NG) high/low speed systems • Channel modeling and propagation for NG systems • Coexistence of systems in the same frequency band • Single- and multi-carrier based air-interfaces for high mobile use • Interference aware and low power consuming MAC protocols • Air interfaces with a bit rate up to 1Gbps • Advanced smart antennas technology for NG systems • Ad hoc networks related solutions • Multi-hop wireless systems • Infrastructure based NG mobile broadband systems • Requirements for short range communication systems and radio interface design, for addressing specific user/usage needs • Air interfaces for short-range radio communication systems (reduced mobility, short range, with bit-rate of up to 1Gbps), addressing: • Physical layer • Multiple access techniques and protocols • Cross-layer issues • Implementation aspects • Sensor based networks • UWB radio systems WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

18. WG2 Terminology • Purpose • Defines basic terms used to describe I-centric communications • Definitions • Object • Individual Communication Space • Context, Active Context • Preferences, Ambient Information • Personalization • Ambient Awareness • I-centric Service • Generic Service Elements • Business Model • Service Platform WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

19. I-Centric Services situation • I-centric communications describe the ability to define and to manage contexts that are tailored to the preferences of single users, in its individual way to interact with a communication system. • Based on the evaluation of ‘profiles’ that describe user preferences, service capabilities, and on sensing information about its actual environment (context), the user can be provided with individualized services for his actual demands. • Self-learning capabilities are used to profile the behavior of users, numerous services or several features of different services are combined on-demand, and appropriate terminals and conversion strategies are evaluated. preferences adaptation WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

20. Definitions Object • An object is a logical representation of hardware or software entity, or even a representation of a certain individual, and provides well-defined services from the perspective of an (other) individual. Individual Communication Space • The individual communication space of a certain individual is defined by a set of objects this individual might want to interact with. Context • A context represents a certain ‘universe of discourse’. It defines relationships and causalities of an individual to and between particular numbers of objects of its communication space. Active Context • A context is active when it is adapted to a certain environment at a certain moment in time. It defines the relationships and causalities of an individual to a particular number of physical resources at certain a moment in time, in a certain environment. WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

21. Definitions (cont.) Preferences • Preferences are conditional choices of service characteristics of an object depending on context and ambient information. Preferences are applied to objects during the activation of a context. Ambient Information • Ambient information is information that can be collected, gathered, or sensed from the physical environment using the objects of the individual communication space of a certain individual. I-centric Service • I-centric Services define, manage, and (de)activate contexts in an individual communication space taking ambient information and the preferences of an individual into account. They support an adaptive, personalized, and ambient-aware way to interact with objects in individual communication spaces. WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

22. Definitions (cont.) Business Model • A business model is a description of how an entity or a set of entities intend to create value with a product or service. It defines the product or service, the roles and relations of the entity, its customers, partners and suppliers, and the physical, virtual, and financial flows between them. Personalization • Personalization provides the information for modeling preferences for an individual communication space in the I-centric system. Ambient-awareness • Ambient-awareness is the functionality provided by an I-centric system to sense and exchange information about the current environment, an individual is in at a certain moment in time. Generic Service Elements • A GSE is a functional software component that can be used by other GSEs, services, or applications and it is hosted by the I-centric Service platform. GSEs provide functionalities common to different services and applications to ease and shorten their development process. WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

23. Credits to • All WG2 participants who did contribute by: • Presentations & discussions in WG2 meetings • Providing input to white papers • Provided input to BoV & other WG2 publications • Telematica Instituut, TNO, DoCoMo, NEC Europe, Nokia, HIIT, Sony, Fraunhofer Fokus, Technical University Berlin, Siemens, University of Kassel, Ericsson, Motorola, Motorola, Lucent WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea

24. Contact • See http://www.wireless-world-research.org/ • See http://wg2.ww-rf.org/ • mailto: arbanowski@fokus.fraunhofer.de • mailto: kellerer@docomolab-euro.com WWRF Briefing WG2-br4 · Kellerer/Arbanowski · wg2@wireless-world-research.org · 03/2005 · WWRF13, Korea