Architectural translations of traditional forms

1. Niloofar Rastgar G. 105435 Nastaran Chegini 105075 Architectural translations of traditional forms First Assignment ARCH 501

2. Introduction Architecture has been an old science that is known and applied in various countries for constructing various structures like churches, houses, bridges, palaces and other type of building constructions. Architecture translation involves a tendency to seek inspiration from traditional forms of various designs for instance, landscape shaped by topography , climate, time , material and crafts. Cultural affects have contributed some of the most useful studies of architecture because of the intimate connection between group culture and buildings. Translation of traditional forms:reintroduce old concepts in the light of new insight from familiar forms Architecture translation- Translation of traditional forms Architectural translations of traditional forms

3. Introduction looking back on the development of architecture,up to the turn of the century architects worked in a traditional that was as in step with the slow evolution of technology as it was evolving specific style of life. Concepts of function and form are central to the study of traditional buildings. Even though function remains inflexible, the form is quite variable. Houses may be excavated or erected, or partly both. They may rise to a single story or several. Their floor plans are square, rectangular, round, oval, or combinations of such figures. Roof forms are equally diverse and depend more upon climate and available local materials than on function. the function of old traditional buildings may have changed while the form continues unchangable. Form Function climate Architectural translations of traditional forms

4. The building knowledge in traditional architecture is often transported by local traditions and is thus based largely - but not only - upon knowledge achieved by trial and error and handed down through the generations, in contrast to the geometrical and physical calculations that underlie architecture planned by architects. These factors effected the traditional forms of different buildings. • Environment and materials:The local environment and the construction local materials. • Climate:Buildings take different forms depending on precipitation levels in the region • Culture:The way of life of building occupants, and the way they use their shelters, is of great influence on building forms • Permanent dwellings:The type of structure and materials used for a dwelling vary depending on how permanent it is Traditional forms Architectural translations of traditional forms

5. Traditional andmodern japanese houses Traditional aesthetics and sensitive adaptation to the site still characterize the best Japanese architectur. When Japan opened herself to the rest of the world around Western architecture began to displace traditional Japanese architecture. Nevertheless, some modern Japanese detached houses still have a typically Japanese appearance. Traditional Japanese buildings were made of wood with sliding doors, screens, and paper windows; they had projecting eaves and harmonious proportions. Farmhouses with thatched roofs, earthen floors and raised wooden living areas date back more than 1,500 years and can still be found. Transformation Traditional Architectural translations of traditional forms

6. Whereas traditional Japanese architecture included primarily wooden structures, ornate roofs and doors and other adornments, modern Japanese architecture utilizes more Western building techniques, materials and styles. Many more buildings are now comprised of steel and concrete and display an "unadorned box" look, which is in strong contradiction of traditional styles. Buildings that successfully blend both traditional and modern elements may feature Oriental pillars and Japanese tatami mats combined with Western-looking walls. The most important thing that should be counted when building a Japanese house is its resistance to four seasons, including summer and winter. Japanese traditional house is made by first installing the main poles in the center. The floor is raised about 10 cm from the ground and covered with wooden beams for the floor, this thing aim to avoid moisture from the soil. traditional styles Architectural translations of traditional forms

7. how respect to traditional forms when making contemporary additions forms? Roof formation contemporary addition Architectural translations of traditional forms

8. Case study from India The history of architecture in India reflects a rich and diversified legacy, not only through the classical examples but also in the display of a rich heritage of vernacular traditions of building. The settlements are characterized by consistency over a long period of time and a strong integration of the built environment with the patterns of life. The traditional habitats of the Islamic community of the Bohras are excellent examples of traditional architecture rooted in the regional landscape. Settlements Architectural translations of traditional forms

9. Understanding the interrelationship between the living traditions of Bohra house form and its culture. • The Bohra house form and domestic environment as architectural manifestations of culture • Identifying and analyzing some of the social and cultural factors that have a critical influence on the structure • The house form in relation to the street and cluster as well as identifying the principles underlying the spatial organization • The process of transformation as a traditional dwelling List of content Architectural translations of traditional forms

10. The Bohra house form and domestic environment The structure of a typical organic Bohrwad is inwardly oriented, where the houses are arranged in an introverted neighborhood form. Most Bohrwads have a formal entrance where gates used to be closed at night in the past. The houses in a Bohrwad are typically grouped around a street and these form a mohalla; several mohallas form a Bohrwad. Each mohalla is an exogamous unit and may have fifty to a hundred houses. The spatial hierarchy in the typical Bohra house has a sequence of otla (entrance platform), deli (arrival space), avas (courtyard), parsalli and the ordo (room). The upper floors mainly house the bedrooms and the agashi (terrace) • The Bohra house form and domestic environment • Identifying and analyzing some of the social and cultural factors that have a critical influence on the structure • The house form in relation to the street and cluster • The process of transformation as a traditional dwelling Facade of an elevated storied house.

11. Identifying and analyzing some of the social and cultural factors that have a critical influence on the structure The neighborhoods have a structural unity and give a general impression of relative orderliness and homogeneity. It has a well-knit and dense urban character. Besides the houses, a large Bohrwad generally contains a mosque, a Madressa, a JamatKhana, and other buildings for collective functions. In the Bohrwads, the neighborhood mosque is the most important institution as the central public space for religious rituals • The Bohra house form and domestic environment • Identifying and analyzing some of the social and cultural factors that have a critical influence on the structure • The house form in relation to the street and cluster • The process of transformation as a traditional dwelling

12. The house form in relation to the street and cluster as well as identifying the principles underlying the spatial organization The Bohrwad streets stand apart because of a sense of order, extreme cleanliness, well-designed drainage system and the element of visual surprise. The closely packed houses, site constraints and absence of standardized building controls result in an organic growth and a relatively irregular street pattern. The meandering passageway with a pedestrian sense of scale creates a series of vistas as one walks down the street. • The Bohra house form and domestic environment • Identifying and analyzing some of the social and cultural factors that have a critical influence on the structure • The house form in relation to the street and cluster • The process of transformation as a traditional dwelling

13. The Bohra house form and domestic environment • Identifying and analyzing some of the social and cultural factors that have a critical influence on the structure • The socio-cultural/religious patterns of the users • The house form in relation to the street and cluster • The process of transformation as a traditional dwelling The house form in relation to the street and cluster as well as identifying the principles underlying the spatial organization The house can almost be considered a metaphor for the social system. Male dominance is strong and women are commonly segregated from men not belonging to their immediate families. Gender is important as an organizing theme in dwelling layouts and use of spaces. For the Bohras, religion is a way of life that also provides a civic code, influencing social behavior and interactions. The Bohra house is usually a deep house-plan with three (or four) sequential rooms one behind the other.

14. The process of transformation as a traditional dwelling A traditional Bohra house, seen in its cultural and spatial context, creates a sense of place in a distinct domestic setting. In every vernacular tradition, certain elements/objects get developed in the house that are expressive of the users’ cultural attitudes and also communicate symbolic meanings to the observers. . A lot of variation was occur through subtle interventions due to the required changes in the cultural use of domestic space. It is noteworthy that in spite of the limitations of the shared-parallel-walls typology, a considerable degree of flexibility has been achieved in the spatial layout in response to sub-cultural or climatic variations. • The Bohra house form and domestic environment • Identifying and analyzing some of the social and cultural factors that have a critical influence on the structure • The socio-cultural/religious patterns of the users • The house form in relation to the street and cluster • The process of transformation as a traditional dwelling

15. Conclusion The form and arrangement of dwellings are constrained by the availability of local materials, the nature of the local climate and the socioeconomic facts of life. To a modern observer, the material world, can have enormous effect because everything in it has a purpose. and because of its aesthetic qualities emerge specific forms out of the serious business of living. Today more and more architects are turning to tarditional architecture for inspiration . . . because it is recognized that these structures obviously satisfied their communities psychological needs far better than most modern settlements do.

16. Thanks for listening……..

17. References 1-Modern Traditions Contemporary Architecture in India,Klaus-Peter Gast 2-Traditional Buildings A Global Survey of Structural Forms andCulturalFunctions, ALLEN G. NOBLE 3-studies in tectonic culture,graham foundation of advanced studies in the fine art,the MIT press,cambridge ,massa-chusetts 4- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_architecture 5-http://www.7brands.com/architecture_translation.htm 6-http://dawoodibohras.com/