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Exploring RNA Splicing Mechanics: Introns, Exons, and Spliceosomes

Gain insight into the intricate process of RNA splicing, where introns and exons are assembled and spliced within the spliceosomes to form mature mRNA. Learn about the role of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in recognizing splice sites and the significance of alternative splicing. Explore the close-up view of alternative splicing mechanisms, revealing the removal of exons and multiple cleavage sites.

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Exploring RNA Splicing Mechanics: Introns, Exons, and Spliceosomes

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  1. Introns and Exons • Introns--Untranslated intervening sequences in mRNA • Exons– Translated sequences • Process-RNA splicing • Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)-Transcript before splicing is complete

  2. Splicing Overview • Occurs in the nucleus • hnRNAs complexed with specific proteins, form a ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) • Primary transcripts assembled into hnRNP • Splicing occurs on spliceosomes consist of • Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (SnRNPs) • components of spliceosomes • Contain small nuclear RNA (snRNA) • Many types of snRNA with different functions in the splicing process

  3. Spliceosome

  4. Splice Site Recognition • Introns contain invariant 5’-GU and 3’-AG sequences at their borders (GU-AG Rule) • Recognized by small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) that catalyze the cutting and splicing reactions. • Internal intron sequences are highly variable even between closely related homologous genes. • Alternative splicing allows different proteins from a single original transcript

  5. Simplified Splicing Mechanism

  6. Close-up of Internal A

  7. Alternative Splicing I • Exon removed with intron

  8. Alternative Splicing II • Multiple 3’ cleavage sites • EX. AG found at 5’ end of exon 2 and inside exon 2

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