Progressive Politicians

1. Progressive Politicians Reforming Government Roosevelt and the Square Deal Reform Under Taft Wilson’s New Freedom

2. Bell Ringer – Outline of a Progressive Politician • List the characteristics, platform, values and examples of a progressive politician on the sheet that you have been given.

3. Objectives • Summarize the reforms that were enacted to make U.S. voting procedures more democratic. • Describe how reformers sought to improve city governments. • Discuss the goals of progressive state leaders.

4. Government Corruption • Political machines help out special interest groups • Similar to the idea of lobbying

5. Election Reforms • “Give the government back to the people.” • Break the power of political bosses through: • Direct primaries • Seventeenth Amendment • Create a secret ballot • Election Reform • Initiative • Referendum • Recall

6. Reforming City Government • Success comes from enthusiastic local leaders • Samuel M. Jones • Tom Johnson • People fear change giving poor too much power • Cities are run like a business with city managers

7. Reforming State Government • Robert M. LaFollette creates the Wisconsin Idea • Need for a direct primary, increase taxes • Inspiration to other leaders

8. Assignment • Go to pg. 299 in your text and complete questions (2-7). • Anything that is not completed in class will become homework. • Use your time wisely!

9. Review • What kind of reforms were the Progressives trying to bring to the voting process? • How did reformers attempt to improve city governments? • What were the goals of progressive state leaders? • What terms can we add to the outline of a Progressive Politician?

10. Progressive Politicians Reforming Government Roosevelt and the Square Deal Reform Under Taft Wilson’s New Freedom

11. Bell Ringer • Which of the following quotes best describes the atmosphere of politics during the Progressive Era? Explain. • “The price of greatness is responsibility.” • “Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing had happened.” • “Whether you believe you can do a thing or not, you are right.”

12. Objective • Discuss how the Square Deal reflects Roosevelt’s governing style. • Summarize why the government tried to regulate the food and drug industry.

13. Roosevelt Becomes President • Persistent William Jennings Bryan runs again in 1900 • Assassination leads to “Teddy” Roosevelt to become president • Roosevelt comes up with landmark compromise with Square Deal and arbitration • “Every man has a square deal, no more and no less.”

14. Regulating Business • Big business becomes essential to nations growth • Trustbustingleads to the end of companies • Dangerous practices revealed in Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle • The Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food and Drug Act

15. “Packingtown” • “Mary had a little lamb, and when she saw it sicken – she shipped it off to Packingtown and now it’s labeled chicken.” – New York Post

16. Protecting the Environment • Part of Roosevelt’s legacy are seen in efforts to protect the environment • Gifford Pinchot helps protect nature through conservation • Reclamation allows damaged land to be productive again • National Park Service created to protect nature

17. Eyewitness and Others – pg. 158 • Read the article that describes Lincoln Steffens view of the “Square Deal” • Answer the three questions on pg. 162 when you are done reading.

18. Review • What kind of changes did Theodore Roosevelt present during his presidency? • The strike • Businesses • Food and Drug • The Environment

19. Progressive Politicians Reforming Government Roosevelt and the Square Deal Reform Under Taft Wilson’s New Freedom

20. Bell Ringer - Quiz • For questions 1-6 explain how the following terms help reform the election process: • Direct primary, 17th amendment, secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall • #7) Why were some people opposed to Progressive reform? • #8) What is the message behind Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal? • #9) Why is Upton Sinclair an example of a muckraker? • #10) How did Gifford Pinchot influence the government’s use of land in the early 1900s?

21. Objectives • Describe the progressive reforms enacted during Taft’s administration. • Explain what led to the Progressive Party. • Explain how Wilson won the 1912 presidential election.

22. Taft Takes Office • William Taft v. William Jennings Bryan • Difficult to fill in the shoes of Roosevelt • Accomplishments • 90 antitrust suits • Adding to national forest reserves • Department of Labor • 16th Amendment = income tax

23. Taft Angers the Progressives • The Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Results in a high tariff bill • The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair • Private interests v. conservation, weakness • Roosevelt and the Elections of 1910 • “New Nationalism” revives progressive spirit • Republican party is split • T. Roosevelt returns to politics, creates the “Bull Moose” Party

24. A Democratic Victory • Run on a platform of tariff reduction, bank reform • The Wilson Program • New Freedom helps out small businesses • Brings a strong call for reform

25. Review • What accomplishments did President Taft have during his term? • What had caused the division between the Republicans? • How was Woodrow Wilson capable of easily attaining a victory in 1912?

26. Continued Review • What steps led from Taft’s victory in 1908 to Wilson’s victory in 1912? • Choose the 4 most significant events that occurred in between these two events and justify why you chose to display those particular events.

27. Activity • Read pages 296-297 • Answer questions #1 , 2 on pg. 297 • Read pages 305-307 • Answer questions #3, 4, 6 on pg. 307 • Read pages 308-313 • Answer questions #2-6, 8 on pg. 313

28. Progressive Politicians Reforming Government Roosevelt and the Square Deal Reform Under Taft Wilson’s New Freedom

29. Bell Ringer • Pg. 310-311 (1-2)

30. Objectives • Describe how Wilson’s proposals affected big business and U.S. citizens. • Discuss how American women gained the right to vote.

31. Reform on Many Fronts • Tariffs • Underwood Tariff Act – lowest rate of tax 1% • Banking • Federal Reserve Act develops a system of a Board, 12 reserve banks and private banks • Big Business • Clayton Antitrust Act defines what businesses cannot do • Federal Trade Commission enforces laws

32. Wilson and Workers • Federal Farm Loan = low interest loans • Adamson Act = reduce workday for rail workers • Keating-Owen Child Labor Act • Declared unconstitutional, limiting commerce

33. The Struggle for Women’s Suffrage • Giving women the right would empower them too much • NAWSA takes on the national approach • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, Carrie Chapman Catt • Patriotism weakens opposition • 19th Amendment grants right to vote in 1920

34. Review • What changes are made under Wilson’s plan of New Freedom? • Tariffs • Banking • Big Business • Child Labor • Which amendment guarantees all women the right to vote?