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US Port Cities: Historical Patterns and Trends in Infrastructural Economic Development

US Port Cities: Historical Patterns and Trends in Infrastructural Economic Development. Nicole Forsyth, RP 651 History & Theory of Planning. Questions for Thought. What defines a port city, and how do they differ from inland cities? (Geographically, spatially, economically)

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US Port Cities: Historical Patterns and Trends in Infrastructural Economic Development

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  1. US Port Cities:Historical Patterns and Trends in Infrastructural Economic Development Nicole Forsyth, RP 651 History & Theory of Planning

  2. Questions for Thought What defines a port city, and how do they differ from inland cities? (Geographically, spatially, economically) How does the history of a port city influence planning decisions of the ports in the future? Learning to complement and promote the historical significance How have port cities shifted economically and spatially over the past few centuries, and what are the drivers of change? Think about original development of these cities, and why did they develop where they did?

  3. Overview • Historical Context and Development of US Port Cities • Colonial port cities • 19th century port city development and decentralization • Ports & Harbors: WWI to present • Drivers in Change; Working Waterfronts of Today • Demographic & Economic • Environmental • Technological • Working Waterfront Trends • Case Studies: Boston, MA and Charleston, SC

  4. Atlantic Port Cities/Towns in the Colonial Era • Primary: • Philadelphia, Boston, Charleston, New York, Baltimore • Secondary: • Newport, Providence, Salem, New Haven, Norwich, New London, Norfolk • There were a number of smaller towns that served as small commerce and local fishing ports like Savannah, GA and Richmond, VA before the south was settled more.

  5. http://www.answers.com/topic/american-revolutionary-war

  6. Patterns of Development in Colonial Ports • Location of port settlements • Rivers and Coasts for easy access/transportation • Economy of port settlements • Cities grew around these ports • Heavily maritime, fishing, shipbuilding • Immigration promotes diversity • North vs. South • Urbanized north, agrarian south

  7. http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch4en/conc4en/portsites.htmlhttp://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch4en/conc4en/portsites.html

  8. Most early settlements were located on the coast or rivers http://www.daltondatabank.org/Chronicles/First_Daltons_In_America.htm

  9. http://www.landofthebrave.info/plantation-farming.htm

  10. 19th Century Port Development and Decentralization • Constant boom in industry (for a while) • Shipbuilding, fishing and whaling industrial boom • Technological Advances • More advanced technology paved the way for faster, mechanized, and more efficient industry production • Steam, rail

  11. http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/history/stories/groundfish/grndfsh1.htmlhttp://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/history/stories/groundfish/grndfsh1.html

  12. http://earlyrailwaysunpublished.wordpress.com/

  13. Ports & Harbors: WWI-Present • Advances/Changes • Local, Regional and National • WWI • Shift in the focus of waterfront activities to support war efforts • The Great Depression • Impacted the shape of working water fronts • WWII and after

  14. Drivers in Change;Working Waterfronts of Today • Though the economy drove, and continues to drive, many changes along the waterfront, coastal activities were also heavily impacted by changing environmental conditions and corresponding regulations. • Fishing communities • Protection of natural resources/environmental initiatives • Technological advances • Transportation displaces by other forms of transport • Fishery technology • Containerization of cargo

  15. Drivers of Change; Demographic & Economic • Population • Measured by the census as “coastline counties” that border oceans, seas, bays, and estuaries. Each area is designed for and appropriate for different types of policy and management analysis related to water quality, economic impact, sea rise and coastal storm vulnerability. • Cost of coastal property • More valued and desired waterfronts • Cost of infrastructure maintenance and dredging • Existing infrastructure & channel depth management

  16. Driver of Change; Environmental • Climate Change • Fishing Regulations • Environmental Regulations • Clean Water Act • Coastal Zone Management Act • National Environmental Policy Act • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act & Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980

  17. Drivers of Change; Technological • Offshore Renewable Energy: wind, wave, tidal power • The offshore renewable energy industry’s need for waterfront land for deployment and ongoing maintenance represents a significant new opportunity for working waterfronts. • The Panama Canal • One of the most influential changes to shipping patterns in the US

  18. Working Waterfront Trends • Three types of futures for a working waterfront • A working waterfront will continue current activities at a similar scale • A working waterfront will redevelop or expand to meet new changing needs and conditions • Available water-dependent use options will no longer be viable, and a working waterfront will succumb, in whole or in part, to demands for waterfront property by competing no-water-dependent residential and/or commercial use

  19. Working Waterfront Trends • Port Expansion • US population expected to grow over 100 million in the next 30 years • Need to accommodate post-panamax (supertanker) vessels • Recreational Boating • Economic climate • Demographics • Commercial Fishing • Some thriving, some deteriorating

  20. Boston, MA Shifted away from an industrial port to more of a recreation and development destination • Commercial • Two major import/export terminals • Boston Fish Pier • Boston Autoport • Many of the old commercial piers are now maintained privately or by DCR • Recreational • Harbor Island tours, whale watches, cruise terminals • Waterfront Development • East Boston Municipal Harbor Plan • Redefines the waterfront for community and engagement, mixed use development

  21. Boston, MA http://www.bostonharborcharters.org/boston.html

  22. Charleston, SC Remains very much a port which focuses on industry over recreational development • Strategic Vision • Infrastructure Development • $2 Billion in vested in port related development • New container terminals • Deepening of Harbor • Dual-served intermodal rail facility • Cargo Growth • $5.6 Billion port-dependent industrial development to meet the needs of growing large scale clientele • Productivity/Efficiency • Most productive container port in North America • Financial Stability • For over 30 years, Charleston has been operating independent of tax payers dollars

  23. Charleston, SC http://www.riverwindkayak.com/multi-day/blast-summary-page/blast-charleston-sc/attachment/charleston-harbor-1

  24. Conclusion • Since their initial settlement and development, activities at ports and harbors have been affected by a variety of events, technological advance, and environmental conditions. • Patterns of development and decentralization • Drivers of change:Though the economy drove, and continues to drive, many changes along the waterfront, coastal activities were also heavily impacted by changing environmental conditions and corresponding regulations. • Working Waterfront Trends; Port Expansion or Recreational Development? Boston vs Charleston

  25. Sources "Atlantic Coast U.S. Seaports | Bureau of Transportation Statistics." Atlantic Coast U.S. Seaports | Bureau of Transportation Statistics. United States Department of Transportation, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. <http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/bts_fact_sheets/october_2010/html/entire.html>. "Boston Redevelopment Authority." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Oct. 2013. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Redevelopment_Authority>. "Maritime History." Maritime History of Massachusetts. National Park Service, n.d. Web. <http://www.nps.gov/NR/travel/maritime/text.htm>. "Massport - Port of Boston." Massport - Port of Boston. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. <http://www.massport.com/port-of-boston/>. "Port of Boston." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Oct. 2013. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Boston>. "Port Terminals." The Geography of Transportation Systems. Hofstra University, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. <http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch4en/conc4en/ch4c3en.html>. Rodrigue, Jean-Paul. "Port Regionalization: Towards a New Phase in Port Development." Institute of Transport & Maritime Management (n.d.): n. pag. Hofstra University. Web. <http://people.hofstra.edu/jean-paul_rodrigue/downloads/Notteboom-Rodrigue-MPM-final.pdf>. Wiggins, Jack, Dr. History and Trends of Working Waterfronts. Boston: Urban Harbors Institute, Dec. 2012. PDF.

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