Multinational Force Staff Estimates

1. COALITION/COMBINED TASK FORCE TRAINING Multinational Force Staff Estimates

2. Purpose The purpose of this class is to discuss formulating and using the staff estimate as part of the Crisis Action Planning (CAP) / Commander’s Estimate military course of action (COA) development process.

3. Agenda • Definition • Staff Estimate Objectives • Staff Estimate Process • Staff Estimate Steps • Staff Estimate Submission • Staff Estimate Format

4. References MULTINATIONAL FORCE STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURES (MNF SOP) FIRST DRAFT 1.2 LAST UPDATE: 10 July 03 MNF SOP First Draft JP 3-0 Doctrine for Joint Operations JP 5-00.2 JTF Planning Guidance & Procedures

5. Definition • Staff Estimate: Assessments of courses of action by the various staff elements of a command that serve as the foundation of the commander’s estimate.

6. Staff Estimate Objectives • Ensures COAs developed are complete from staff element’s perspective • Refines COAs prior to analysis and provides staff input for COA comparison and selection • Provides analysis, recommendations and conclusion of staff sections on applicable COAs • Serves as the basis for Commander’s Estimate • Create concepts and products for CTF order

7. Crisis Action Planning Process I Mission Analysis/ Restated Mission V Commander’s Decision IV Course of Action Selection C R I S I S OPORD III Course of Action Development II Crisis Assessment V Execution Planning I Situation Development VI Execution Deployment Data Base Alert Order Warning Order Planning Order Execute Order AND/OR The Staff Estimate II Course of Action Development III Analysis of Opposing Courses of Action IV Comparison of Own Courses of Action Staff Estimates Commander’s Estimate Process

8. Staff Estimate Process • Staff estimates begin with mission analysis and continue throughout the planning process to ensure the commander has the best information on the supportability of the operation • Staff estimates are a comprehensive review that translate threat/enemy and friendly strengths and weaknesses into capabilities and estimates of supportability • Staff estimates are a repetitive process and are in a constant state of refinement

9. Staff Estimate Process • Staff estimates ensure COAs have all planning in place prior to COA analysis to facilitate and maximize the benefits of “Wargaming” • Staff estimate focus is on the KEY information that is needed to develop a COA for acceptance or rejection

10. Mission Analysis COA Development Gathers information for later use in planning, identifies any obvious problems Staff elements use functional area expertise to ensure COA is fully fleshed out and has best probability of success from functional perspective Staff Estimates Step Staff estimate purpose

11. COA Analysis Staff elements adjust estimates as a result of information gathered in “Wargaming”. Staff elements identify and address any shortfalls. Staff elements gather information on each COA to make recommendations to Commander. Staff Estimates Step Staff estimate purpose

12. COA Comparison/Selection Staff elements provide an estimate judging validity (suitable, acceptable, feasible, distinct) of each COA, identify shortfalls or issues, and finally, make a recommendation to the CCTF. Staff Estimates Step Staff estimate purpose

13. Mission Analysis STAFF ESTIMATES MISSIONSTATEMENT MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF MISSION ANALYSIS STRATEGIC COMMANDER’S PLANNING DIRECTIVE

14. COA Development STATEMENTS SKETCHES AND TASK ORGANIZATION STAFF ESTIMATES WARNING ORDER STAFF ESTIMATE UPDATES COMMANDERS GUIDANCE MISSION AND TASKS COA DEVELOPMENT

15. COA Analysis UPDATED STAFF ESTIMATES ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES STATEMENTS SKETCHES AND TASK ORGANIZATION COA ANALYSIS WARGAME RECORD STAFF ESTIMATE UPDATES

16. COA Selection STAFF/DEPUTY COMMANDER, CTF RECOMMENDATIONS COA SELECTION COMMANDER’S OWN ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON FINAL DECISION COA MODIFICATIONS CTF COMMANDER’S ESTIMATE TO THE SUPPORTED STRATEGIC COMMANDER

17. Staff Estimate Submission • C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 • Special staff sections • Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) • Information Operations (IO) • Media Support Staff / PAO • Force Protection • Coalition/Combined Logistics Coordination Center (CLCC) • Coalition Coordination Center (CCC) • Other sections as directed

18. Staff Estimate In Support of COA Comparison Format • Mission: Staff Section Mission as a function of the CTF mission • Suitability: • Acceptability: • Feasibility: • Assessment of the Suitability, Acceptability and Feasibility of the respective COAs. States which COA is most Suitable, Acceptable or Feasible from the staff elements’ perspective. • Concerns/Issues: Staff elements state concerns or issues with each COA as applicable. • Shortfalls: The staff section identifies significant shortfalls that may impact accomplishment or success of each COA. • Recommended COA: The staff element recommends a COA based on their perspective with brief reasoning why.

19. EXAMPLE: AIR CELL ESTIMATES • Differences in COA Characteristics • CFACC ashore in COA 1 & 2; afloat in # 2 • Either concept supportable • Infrastructure already in place on CVBG • Preponderance of air assets land based

20. EXAMPLE: AIR CELL ESTIMATES • Mission Areas • Air Superiority: 100 sorties/day (s/d) • Air to Ground (CAS, AI): 300 s/d • Strat Lift: 5 s/d • Tac Lift: 32 s/d • ISR: ü • Air Refueling: ü • CSAR: ü • Airborne C2: ü Enemy Sortie Capability Estimated 60 per day (D Day) Estimated 0 per day (D+1)

21. EXAMPLE: AIR CELL ESTIMATES Force capability ratios: An overwhelming air advantage! • Validity Tests • Suitable ü • Feasible ü • Acceptable ü • Complete ü • Recommendations • Tanker/Bomber/Airlift basing at XX,YY,ZZ • Fighter basing at XX,XX,TT,CC

22. EXAMPLE: MARITIME STAFF ESTIMATES • Mission: COA 1 – Light Footprint • Suitability: Yes. (4.1 of 5) • Feasibility: Yes. (3.9 of 5) • Acceptability: Yes. (4.0 of 5) • Concerns / Issues: • Consider movement of the ISB from XXXX to XXXX to reduce inorganic sealift requirement. • Mines could be an issue. • Anti-ship Missiles will need to be defended against. • Shortfalls: • Small organic lift capability. • Recommended COA: • Smallest Naval (warships + contracted lift) footprint – least exposure to enemy forces • OVERALL ESTIMATE: (4.2 of 5)

23. EXAMPLE: C1 STAFF ESTIMATES COA1 • Mission. LIGHT FOOTPRINT • Suitable. Yes. Allows for rapid deployment of personnel. • Feasible. Yes. The required resources to accomplish the mission are readily available. • Acceptable. Yes. However, it is the highest risk of personnel losses due limited forces and offensive capability. • Concerns/Issues: Casualties may be higher due to lack overwhelming force • Shortfalls. Limited FP and ground forces

24. EXAMPLE: C1 STAFF ESTIMATES COA2 • Mission. MEDIUM FOOTPRINT • Suitable. Yes. Allows for rapid deployment with more robust force. • Feasible. Yes. The required resources to accomplish the mission are readily available • Acceptable. Yes. More forces available which limits risks to personnel • Concerns/Issues: More personnel increases the requirement for more robust FP and intel resources • Shortfalls. None.

25. EXAMPLE: C1 STAFF ESTIMATES COA3 • Mission. HEAVY FOOTPRINT • Suitable. Yes. However, size of force may be more than what is required. • Feasible. Yes. However, it will take longer to deploy all forces to AO. • Acceptable. Yes. More FP available for the increase in personnel • Concerns/Issues: Heaviest drain on personnel requirements. • Shortfalls. None

26. EXAMPLE: C2 STAFF ESTIMATES COA1/2 • Suitable - YES • Feasible - YES • Acceptable - YES • Concerns/Issues - WEATHER TERRAIN COMM • Shortfalls - CRYPTOLINGUISTS TROJAN SPIRIT PHL MIG ANALYSIS TEAM J2X HUMAN EXPLOITATION TEAM

27. EXAMPLE: C2 STAFF ESTIMATES COA3 • Suitable - YES • Feasible - YES • Acceptable - YES • Concerns/Issues - WEATHER TERRAIN COMM • Shortfalls - CRYPTOLINGUISTS TROJAN SPIRIT PHL MIG ANALYSIS TEAM J2X

28. Example C4 Staff Estimate Mission: Provide transportation and logistics support for HA operation in JOA. - Facilitate transition of logistics to NGO/IO. Suitability: COA 1 is most suitable because it best meets commander’s guidance to minimize footprint. Acceptability: All COAs are equally Acceptable. Feasibility: COA 1 is most feasible because places less emphasis on CTF logistics assets. Concerns/issues: The time required to transition to NGO/IO based HA support is not fixed. This may lead to extending limited CTF resources past their maintenance cycle timelines. Shortfalls: The CTF has only 80% of the anticipated HET support required for any selected COA Recommended COA: CTF J4 recommends COA 1 based on current and anticipated requirements and capabilities.

29. EXAMPLE: C4 STAFF ESTIMATE COA1 • Mission: SOF Option – Light Footprint (All SOF forces, USN forces including MEU(SOC), USAF forces and all AFP forces) • Suitability: YES, logistics can support the time line. • Feasibility: YES, resources required are available to accomplish the mission (HSVs, LCUs, Tactical Airlift, LCACs) • Acceptability: YES, minimal logistical losses expected however, will require more time and resources to push supplies forward. • Concerns / Issues: Time for establishment of ISB and forward movement into offensive operations. • Shortfalls: Limited HNS and inland transportation. • Recommended COA: No

30. EXAMPLE: C4 STAFF ESTIMATE COA 2 • Mission: Medium Footprint (Expeditionary Option), All forces not to include US Army (Hooaa) • Suitability: YES, logistics can support the time line. • Feasibility: YES, organic resources are sufficient for 30 DOS for US MEB and 3 DOS for RP Forces. • Acceptability: YES, minimal logistical losses expected however, will require more time to source transportation requirements. • Concerns / Issues: Movement and re-supply of RP Forces to and throughout the JOA. • Shortfalls: Limited HNS, inland transportation and lack Level III care. • Recommended COA: No

31. EXAMPLE: C4 STAFF ESTIMATE COA 3 • Mission: Heavy Footprint, Utilize all forces listed. • Suitability: YES, logistics can support the time line. • Feasibility: YES, organic resources are sufficient for 30 DOS for US Forces and 3 DOS for RP Forces. • Acceptability: YES, however, it will require extensive HN infrastructure improvements to flow in personnel. • Concerns / Issues: Very time consuming. • Shortfalls: Limited HN APODs, inland transportation and lack Level III care. • Recommended COA: COA 3 – best accomplishes mission

32. EXAMPLE: C5 STAFF ESTIMATE COA 1/2/3 • Mission: Conducts the initial planning to Transition to a Peace Keeping Force, or the Host Nation of Camry governmental agencies and armed forces. • Suitability: Yes • Feasibility: Yes • Acceptability: Yes • Concerns / Issues: None • Shortfalls: None • Recommendations: None

33. EXAMPLE : C7 STAFF ESTIMATE COA 1/2/3 • Mission. CCATF (or CMOTF) • Evaluates HNS capabilities, conducts CMO, PRC. • Be prepared to conduct HA/DR in post hostility phases • Suitable. Yes • CCATF / CMOTF is doctrinally supportable. • Missions are within scope of CA force Structure • Feasible. Yes • Forces (RC & AC) are available within timeline constraints • Acceptable. Yes • Recommend organic forces T/O with habitually assigned services • Concerns/Issues: • Takes up to 30 days to mobilize and deploy CA units (RC) • Minimal staff & troop augmentation during initial phases • Shortfalls: • Linguist requirements unknown, CCATF/CCMOTF can assume mission • COA 2 & 3 transition period too brief for adequate completion of HA/DR - addressed in COA 2 with extended CA deployments • Recommended COA: All supportable

34. Summary • Definition • Staff Estimate Objectives • Staff Estimate Process • Staff Estimate Steps • Staff Estimate Submission • Staff Estimate Format

35. COALITION/COMBINED TASK FORCE TRAINING Questions?

36. COALITION/COMBINED TASK FORCE TRAINING Multinational Force Staff Estimates