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jk"VªlarrqdMksthegkjktukxiwj] fo|kfiBukxiwj JhlkbZckckyksdizcks/kudykegk- oMusj Rk- fgax.k?kkV] ft- o/kkZ fo”k; vFkZ’kkL= B.A. First Sem. lknjdrkZ izk- MkW- foB~Byek- f?kufeus vFkZ’kkL= foHkkxizeq[k Jh- lkbZckckyksdizcks/kudykegkfo|ky;] oMusj
fuxeu o vkxeu i/nrh izLrkouk% • vFkZ’kkL=h; leL;kaps v/;;u dj.;klkBh rlsp vFkZ’kkL=kps fl/nkar ekaM.;klkBh T;k fo’ys”k.k i/nrhpk okij dj.;kr ;srks] R;kauk vkfFkZd fo’ys”k.k i/nrh vls Eg.krkr- • vFkZ’kkL= gs ,d lqO;ofLFkr ’kkL= vkgs- R;keqGs vFkZ’kkL=kr T;k fofo/k i/nrhapk okij gksrks] R;k i/nrh ’kkL=h; vkgsr- lkekU;i.ks vFkZ’kkL=kr iq<hy nksu i/nrhapk okij dj.;kr ;srks- 1½ fuxeu i/nrh o 2½ vkxeu i/nrh • fuxeu i/nrhykp vuqeku i/nrh fdaok vewrZ i/nrh vlsgh Eg.krkr- fczfV’k ijaijkxr vFkZ’kkL=KkaP;k fo’ys”k.kkph izeq[k i/nrh gh fuxeu i/nrhp vkgs- g;k i/nrhpk okij dj.kkÚ;k vFkZ’kkL=kae/;s izks- flfuvj] ts- ,l~- fey] dsuZl~] MsfOgM fjdkMkZs bR;knh vFkZ’kkL=Kkapk lekos’k vkgs-
fuxeu i/nrhph O;k[;k % • ßekuoklaca/khP;k loZlkekU; o fufoZokn rF;kaP;k vk/kkjkoj fof’k”V ?kVuslac/kh fu.kZ; ns.;kP;k i/nrhyk fuxeu i/nrh vls Eg.krkr-Þ v’kkizdkjs loZlkekU; rF;kdMwu fo’ks”k rF;kdMs fdaok rRokdMs tk.kkjh gh i/nr vkgs- • vFkZ’kkL=kr tsOgk dks.kR;kgh leL;kps v/;;u dj.;kdfjrk g;k i/nrhpk okij dj.;kr ;srks rsOgk rks vFkZ’kkLK fdaok vuqla/kkudrkZ R;k fof’”V leL;s’kh lacaf/kr vk/kkjHkwr rF;s ,d= d:u g;k rF;kaP;k vk/kkjkoj rdkZP;k lgk¸;kus fu”d”kZ dk<ko;kps vlrkr- mnk- izR;sd euq”; fdeku [kpkZr fdok R;kxkr egRre ykHk feGow bfPNrks- g;k fufoZokn rF;kP;k vk/kkjkoj vlk rdZ djrk ;srks dh] euq”; cktkjkr v’kkp fBdk.kh oLrw [kjsnh djsy dh tsFks rh R;kyk dehr deh fderhr feGsy-
fuxeu i/nrhps xq.k 1½ ljG] lksih o lks;hph i/nrh 2½ feG.kkjs fu.kZ; vpwd vlw ’kdrkr- 3½ ekuoh okx.kqdhP;k vH;klkdfjrk lq;ksX; i/nrh 4½ fu.kZ; gs loZO;kid o fu%i{k vlrkr- 5½ rdkZoj vk/kkfjr i/nrh 6½ Hkfo”;dkfyu izo`Rrhps ladsr ns.;kph {kerk 7½ vkxeu iz.kkyhyk iqjd vl.kkjh
fuxeu i/nrhps nks”k % 1½ Lo;afl/n rF; gs usgehp lR; ulrkr- 2½ fuxeu i/nrhn~okjs dk<.;kr ;s.kkjs fu”d”kZ gs =qVhiw.kZ vlrkr- 3½ iMrkGk ikgrk ;sr ukgh- 4½ xf.krh; Kkukph o rkfdZd fopkjkph {kerk vko’;d 5½ O;kogkfjd mi;qDrrk e;kZnhr vkgs-
vkxeu i/nrh • izLrkouk% • vkfFkZd la’kks/kukph gh i/nrh fuxeu i/nrhP;k vxnh myV vkgs- fuxeu i/nrhr loZlkekU; rRokaP;k vk/kkjs fof’k”V rF;kps v/;;u gksrs rj vkxeu i/nrh gh fof’k”V rF;kps v/;;u d:u R;ko:u lkekU;hdj.k djrs- g;k i/nrhyk vuqHko i/nrh fdaok ,sfrgkfld i/nrh lq/nk Eg.krkr- tEkZuhrhy ,sfrgkfld fopkj/kkjsps vFkZ’kkL=K vkxeu i/nrhps [kans iqjLdrsZ vkgsr- • vkxeu i/nrhps izeq[k nksu izdkj % ¼1½ iz;ksxkRed vkxeu i/nrh o ¼2½ lkaf[;dh; vkxeu i/nrh- • vFkZ’kkL=kr iz;ksxkRed i/nrh Qkj’kh izpfyr ukgh- vFkZ’kkL=kr lkaf[;dh; iz.kkyh vf/kd izpfyr vkgs- g;keqGsp vkxeu i/nrh o lkaf[;dh; iz.kkyh ijLijkauk i;kZ;h let.;kr ;srkr- teZuhrhy ,sfrgkfld lkaiznk;kps vFkZ’kkL=K jks’pj] fgYMsczkWM] dkyZ uht] fDyQ ysLyh g;k i/nrhP;k okijkl vR;ar vuqdwy vkgsr-
vkxeu iz.kkyhpk vFkZ %& • g;k i/nrhr dks.kR;kgh leL;s’kh lacaf/kr vkdMsokjhps ladyu d:u] R;kps ijh{k.k d:u fu”d”kZ dk<.;kr ;srkr- vkdMsokjhpk fdaok lkaf[;dhpk laca/k gk okLrfodrs’kh vf/kd vlrks- R;keqGs gh i/nrh ;FkkFkZrsP;k vfr’k; toG vlrs- vFkZ’kkL=K tsOgkWUlP;k ers] lkaf[;dh; i/nrhP;k okijkf’kok; vFkZ’kkL=kpk fodkl gksÅ ’kdr ukgh- l/;k lkaf[;fd; i/nrhP;k okijkf’ok; vFkZ’kkL=kpk fodkl gksÅ ’kdr ukgh- l/;k lkaf[;dh; rlsp vFkZferh g;kapk cjkp fodkl >kyk vkgs- vktps ;qx gs vkxeu iz.kkyhps vkgs- vk/kqfud dkGkr fofHkUUk ljdkjs foLr`r izek.kkoj vkfFkZd thoukP;k izR;sd iSyw’kh lacaf/kr vlysyh vkdMsokjh xksGk djhr vlrkr o R;ko:u fu”d”kZ dk<.;kr ;srkr- lkaf[;fd; i/nrhpk okij dj.;kdfjrk fo’ks”k v’kk [kkl Kkukph vko’;drk vlrs- vktdky g;k i/nrhps [kans leFkZd Eg.kts fVu cftZu] Dykbu] feYVu fÝMeu rlsp dksyhu DykdZ bR;knh izfl/n O;Drh vkgsr-
vkxeu iz.kkyhps xq.k % 1½ fuxeu i/nrhyk iqjd 2½ vFkZO;oLFksP;k tfVyrsps Li”Vhdj.k feGrs 3½ g;k i/nrhr fu;ekph lR;rk iMrkGrk ;srs- 4½ fu”d”kkZph fo’olfu;rk vf/kd ok<yh-
vkxeu i/nrhps xq.k % 1½ iz;ksx i/nrhpk okij valHkouh; vkgs- 2½ iqjs’kk rF;kP;k vHkkoh pqdhps fu”d”kZ- 3½ dq’ky o Kkuh vFkZ’kkL=Kkph vko’;drk- 4½ rF;ke/;s Hkjdjys tk.;kph laHkkouk- 5½ fuxeu i/nrhP;k enrhph xjt-