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Antimicrobial

Antimicrobial. Manhasset Science Research Jean Cheng Period 4. Need. Figure 1: Antimicrobial drugs resistance pattern of urinary E. coli from Southern Brazil. http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/bjm/v39n4/arq27_fig01.jpg. Knowledge Base. Figure 2: Chemical formula for Penicillin

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Antimicrobial

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  1. Antimicrobial Manhasset Science Research Jean Cheng Period 4

  2. Need Figure 1: Antimicrobial drugs resistance pattern of urinary E. coli from Southern Brazil http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/bjm/v39n4/arq27_fig01.jpg

  3. Knowledge Base Figure 2: Chemical formula for Penicillin http://itech.dickinson.edu/chemistry/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/penicillin-core1.png

  4. Knowledge Base (cont) Figure 3: Tea tree’s terpene chemical formula http://www.wacker.com/cms/appL/mdm_images/R67_IV-1_-432011277_8959.jpg Figure 4: Pectin Chemical formula http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/pectin_2.gif

  5. Knowledge Base (cont) Figure 5: Aloe vera http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/fr/d/Js2200e/5.html

  6. Literature Review Figure 6:Chemical Change in Allicin subjected to different conditions. (Ariga, et al. 2008) http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/7433-004-96DFD197.gif

  7. Literature Review (cont) Figure 7: Antimicrobial activity of aloe vera gel (Alemdar, et al. 2009) http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/7433-004-96DFD197.gif

  8. Literature Review (cont) Figure 8:Yuzu fruit seed oil on different microobials (Nakazono, et al. 2006) Nakazono, G. Studies on Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Substance of Yuzu (Citrus junos hort. ex Tanaka) Seed. Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol 1. p 135-139, 2006

  9. Literature Review (cont) Figure 9:12 different essential oil on different species of bacteria. Rusenova, Ishiwa. Antimicrobial Activities of Twelve Essential Oils Against Microorganisms of Veterinary Importance. Trankia Journal of Sciences. Vol 7. p37-43, 2009

  10. Purpose • Find which natural substance is best in inhibiting E. coli. • Null Hypothesis: No effect • Alternative Hypothesis: Tea tree oil is the best antimicrobial substance against E. coli

  11. Methodology The comparing of different essential oils to different antibiotic food substance on E. Coli Essential oil and antibiotic plant substance N=12 Aloe (anthraquinones) N=3 Garlic (allicin) N=3 Tea Tree oil N=3 Yuzu fruit oil N=3 Petri dish, E.coli, filter paper, glass spreader Disc diffusion assay method Millimeter SPSS ANOVA Test

  12. Protocols Paper disk with substance being tested Bacteria on agar Inhibited Zone(mm) Figure 10: Disk Diffusion method http://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigang/Images/20-17_diskdiffusion.jpg

  13. Do-Ability • Not expensive • doesn’t require large amount of space • Some materials found in lab or supermarket • Can be finished in 3 days • E. coli is needed as well as agar, aloe, tea tree, yuzu, and garlic

  14. Budget

  15. Bibliography • Aiello, Castoki. Consumer Antibacterial Soaps: Effective or Just Risky?. The Infectious Disease Society of America Journal. Vol 10, p1058-1078, 2007 • Aljady, A. Biochemical Study on The Efficacy of Malaysian Honey on Inflicted Wounds: An Animal Model. Medical Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences. Vol 13 #3. pg 125-132, 2000 • American Chemical Society. "Love That Garlic? Fresh May Be Healthier Than Bottled." ScienceDaily 12 June 2008. 7 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2008/06/080609092230.htm>. • Amagase, H., Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. Nutritional Journal. Vol131(3S) pg 955S-962S, 2001 • "antiseptic." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2009. Grolier Online. 3 May 2009 <http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0013590-0>. • Avallone, Eugene A., ed. "Antibiotic." McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. 8th ed. 20 vols. United States of America: Library of Congress, 1960. 756-67. • Brunner, Nasco. Do Bioactive Glasses Convey A Disinfecting Mechanism Beyond A Mere Increase in pH?. Internation Endodontic Journal, Vol 41(8) p670-678, 2008 • Carr, Anitra. Therapeutic Properties of New Zealand and Australian Tea Trees. New Zealand Journal, Vol 18#2, pg 47-51. 2009 • Chen, Tao. Triclocarban Enhances Testoterone Action: a New Type of Endocrine Disruptor?. Endocrinology journal. Vol 1. p 10-27, 2007 • Cuttle, Leila. The efficacy of Aloe vera, tea tree oil and saliva as fist aid treatment for partial thickness burn injuries. Elsevier Journal. Vol 1. pg 1176-1182. 2008 • Davis. D. "Antibacterial Chemical Disrupts Hormone Activities, Study Finds." ScienceDaily 8 December 2007. 3 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2007/12/071207150713.htm>.

  16. Bibliography (cont) Freeman, Frachesco. Garlic chemistry: stability of s-(2-propenyl)-2-propene-1-sulfinothioate (allicin) in blood, solvents, and simulated physiological fluids. J. Agric. Food Chem. Journal. Vol 43 pg2332-2338, 1995. Fulder, Stephen. Garlic: nature's original remedy. 2nd ed. United States: Inner Traditions / Bear & Company, 2000. Ingram, Cass. Tea Tree Oil: The Natural Antiseptic. 1st ed. United States: Knowledge House, 1999. Koizum. Love That Garlic? Fresh May Be Healthier Than Bottled : Diallyl sulfides in garlic activate both TRPA1 and TRPV1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications journal. Vol 19. p929-934, 2009 Lawson L.D, Characterization of the formation of allicin and other thiosulfinates from garlic. Planta Medical Journal. Vol 58. pg345-350, 1992. Macpherson, Casey. The Pungency of Garlic: Actiation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Response to Allicin. Current Biology Journal. Vol 15, p929-934, 2005 Nagane, N. Efficacy of Topical Honey Therapy Against Silver Sulphadizine Treatment in Burns; A biochemical study.Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry,Vol 19#2. pg 173-176. 2004 Nakazono, G. Studies on Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Substance of Yuzu (Citrus junos hort. ex Tanaka) Seed. Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol 1. p 135-139, 2006 Rusenova, Ishiwa. Antimicrobial Activities of Twelve Essential Oils Against Microorganisms of Veterinary Importance. Trankia Journal of Sciences. Vol 7. p37-43, 2009 Shashikanth, K.N. Effect of feeding raw and boiled garlic (Allium sativum l.) on the growth, caecal microflora and serum proteins of albino rats. Nutrition Reports Int. Journal. Vol33(2) pg 313-319. 1986 Society for General Microbiology. "Tea Tree Oil And Silver Together Make More Effective Antiseptics." ScienceDaily 6 April 2009. 3 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2009/03/090329205453.htm>. Tao. Cho. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil From The Peel of Satsuma Mandarin. Journal of Natural Sciences. Vol 7(9), p1261-1264,2008

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