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Dry Drain Forum. Frankfurt March 11 th 2009 Prof. J.A. Swaffield School of the Built Environment, Heriot Watt Universi

DRY DRAINS FORUM. Dry Drain Forum. Frankfurt March 11 th 2009 Prof. J.A. Swaffield School of the Built Environment, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland. UK mean annual rainfall, 1971 - 2000.

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Dry Drain Forum. Frankfurt March 11 th 2009 Prof. J.A. Swaffield School of the Built Environment, Heriot Watt Universi

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  1. DRY DRAINS FORUM Dry Drain Forum. Frankfurt March 11th 2009 Prof. J.A. Swaffield School of the Built Environment, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.

  2. UK mean annual rainfall, 1971 - 2000. At least a fourfold variation from North West to South East is apparent from this historic data across the UK WET Source – Met. Office 2006. DRY

  3. UK mismatch of water availability and housing need, 2001.

  4. CIBW70 Facilities Management Conference, HWU June 2008 More recent predictions confirm the need for water conservation to become an integral part of construction strategy.

  5. Reduction Trends in W.C. Flush Volume (W.C. identified by nation & flush volume, except experimental CBCSM and ODA bowls.) CBCSM : Confederation of British Ceramic Sanitaryware Manufacturers ODA : Overseas Development Administration 40 30 20 10 Flush Volume (litres) 5 1880 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year 1990 UK 6/4 dual UK pneumatic 2

  6. Vsolid tends to Vwater, Leakage past solid tends to zero. Vwater Vsolid Vsolid tends to zero Leakage past solid depends on blockage. Vwater Vsolid CIBW62 Symposium, NTUST, Taiwan, September 2006. Deformable solid transport – shape reacts to the flow conditions and frictional forces. Deformable solid takes up shape of the surrounding pipe.

  7. Fwc - design w.c. flush volume Solid discharged from w.c. F - reduced flush volume W.c. discharge, litre/second FB - Flush volume discharged behind solid Time, seconds Probably the most important w.c. design parameter.. W.c. flush parameters. W.c. Discharge Profile. Parameter values - W.c. design flush W.c. reduced flush Volume (constant) Volume Minimum 9.1 litre 4.0 litre Maximum 9.1 litre 7.5 litre

  8. Zone 2 solid transport may be defined by a linear relationship Vsolid = C1 – C2 (L / G)0.5 Zonal description of the mechanism of solid transport in attenuating flows in a branch drain flowing a w.c. discharge.

  9. CIBW62 Symposium, NTUST, Taiwan, September 2006.

  10. DRY DRAINS FORUM The papers to be presented this morning will highlight the challenges and solutions available to us as designers. Thank you for attending

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