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Genetics Lake Olympia Middle School

Genetics Lake Olympia Middle School. Gregor Mendel .

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Genetics Lake Olympia Middle School

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  1. Genetics Lake Olympia Middle School

  2. Gregor Mendel • Mendel, pronounced MEHN duhl, Gregor Johann, pronounced GREHG uhr YOH hahn (1822-1884), an Austrian botanist and monk, formulated the basic laws of heredity. His experiments with the breeding of garden peas led to the development of the science of genetics.

  3. Heredity - is the passing on of biological characteristics from one generation to the next. The process of heredity occurs among all living things--animals, plants, and even such microscopic organisms as bacteria. Heredity explains why a human mother always has a human baby and why a mother dog has puppies--not kittens. It is also the reason offspring look like their parents.

  4. Genetics - the branch of biology dealing with the principles of heredity. • Genes - part of a chromosome containing dna for a specific trait. • Traits - distinguishing feature; characteristic.

  5. Allele - Different forms of the same gene are called alleles. • Dominant Allele - An allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different. • Recessive Allele – An allele that is hidden or covered up when the dominant is present. The dominant allele is expressed, and the recessive allele is not. A trait that results from a recessive allele is evident only in an individual that has two recessive alleles for that trait.

  6. Phenotype - The actual appearance of the trait is known as the phenotype. Sometimes the word phenotype is used to refer to the overall appearance of an individual. • Genotype - Refers to the person's overall genetic makeup.

  7. Sexual Reproduction - Animals that reproduce only sexually do so with special sex cells known as gametes. Female sex cells are called eggs and are produced in the female gonads, the ovaries. The male sex cells are known as sperm and are made in the male testes. • Asexual Reproduction – The reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring to the parent.

  8. Meiosis - consists of two separate nuclear divisions of sex cells.

  9. Mitosis - In this process, the nucleus divides and forms two identical nuclei. http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/mitosis/mitosis_qt1.html

  10. Punnett Square • The standard way of working out what the possible offspring of two parents.

  11. Homozygous or Purebred - Having identical alleles for a single trait. R r Heterozygous or Hybrid - Having two different alleles for a single trait. R R

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