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String Theory

String Theory. The Theory of Everything. Danny Jensen 1A Astronomy. The Theory of Everything. Everything is made of tiny molecular strings. History. New math is needed Isaac Newton – Calculus Classical Field Theory and Electromagnetism Electron discovered Particle Physics

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String Theory

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  1. String Theory The Theory of Everything Danny Jensen 1A Astronomy

  2. The Theory of Everything • Everything is made of tiny molecular strings

  3. History • New math is needed • Isaac Newton – Calculus • Classical Field Theory and Electromagnetism • Electron discovered • Particle Physics • Quantum Mechanics (energy and matter) • Special Theory of Relativity (Einstein) • Light travels at one fixed speed (in a vacuum) • Uniform motion is relative

  4. General Relativity vs Quantum Relativity General Relativity – Einstein Geometric theory of gravitation Quantum Relativity An on-going attempt to understand gravity Can really only be used if gravity is neglected

  5. The String Theory Was originally used to explain the relationship between mass and the spin for particles (such as protons and neutrons) Graviton – Particles in the string theory that have a zero mass and two units of spin

  6. String Theory (Cont.) Excitation modes – Tension of the string and how it is moved Strings are floating in space time. Tensions are defined as “alpha prime” (a ‘ ) The size of the strings are about 10-33centimeters. Planck length Bosons: Particles that transmit forces Fermions: Particles that make up matter Supersymmetry: For every boson, there is a corresponding fermion

  7. All the String Theories! • Bosonic String Theory: Only dealing with bosons • Less than 26 dimensions • Only forces, no matter • Tachyon: imaginary mass • Superstring Theories: • Type I • Supersymmetric string theory • 10 dimensions • No Tachyons • Open and Closed strings

  8. All the String Theories! (Cont.) • Type IIA • Supersymmetry between forces and matter • Only closed strings • Massless fermions spin both ways • Type IIB • Supersymmetry between forces and matter • Closed strings • Massless fermions only spin one way

  9. All the String Theories! (Cont.) • Type HO • Supersymmetry between forces and matter • Closed strings • Right moving and left moving strings differ (heterotic) • Type HE • Supersymmetry between forces and matter • Closed strings only • Heterotic

  10. Bibliography • http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/hsw-shows/sysk-crowd-sourced-quiz.htm • http://www.superstringtheory.com/ • http://quantumrelativity.calsci.com/

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