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Shoes & Shoegear

Shoes & Shoegear. Bryan Levay Monday, May 13, 2013. Overview. 7 shoe styles Shoe anatomy Sizing Shoe life Evaluation Minimalist Diabetic shoe. The 7 basic styles. #1 Sandal. Oldest form Basic open toe design More robust for soldiers New styles & variations

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Shoes & Shoegear

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  1. Shoes & Shoegear Bryan Levay Monday, May 13, 2013

  2. Overview • 7 shoe styles • Shoe anatomy • Sizing • Shoe life • Evaluation • Minimalist • Diabetic shoe

  3. The 7 basic styles

  4. #1 Sandal • Oldest form • Basic open toe design • More robust for soldiers • New styles & variations • Poor support often leads to discomfort http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=war+sandals&source=images&cd=&docid=kwryg94no_MdXM&tbnid=c6Ou9hHtfzWyjM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kshs.org%2Fp%2Fcool-things-japanese-footwear%2F10365&ei=FdCPUeHGFIqiigek3YHAAw&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNFtYeStNqcvAnCpbOxb-xz8r8zvPA&ust=1368465813575772 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sexy+sandals&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=ikg3ehXBR67uXM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ebay.com/itm/Elegant-Rhinestone-Heels-Sexy-Sandal-Comfy-Medium-Heel-/280382960838&docid=iQ3SOwXYivjVFM&imgurl=http://i194.photobucket.com/albums/z142/HOO121/Pics%252520VIII/P1010116_01.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=ndCPUdH4Oc2aiAf26oGIAQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:1,s:0,i:86&iact=rc&dur=557&page=1&tbnh=181&tbnw=250&start=0&ndsp=18&tx=130&ty=52

  5. #2 Moccasin • “Foot covering” • Popularized Native American, but has Ancient Mongol roots • Simple closed design http://www.google.com/imgres?q=moccasin&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=rJI48cJzaXU-ZM:&imgrefurl=http://dowestboots.com/leather_laced_minnetonka_moccasi.htm&docid=_j1MNs05UIUutM&imgurl=http://dowestboots.com/brown_minnetonka_moccasin_7.jpg&w=640&h=480&ei=89GPUa2tAtCaiAf6uoHgDw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:50,s:0,i:238&iact=rc&dur=397&page=3&tbnh=179&tbnw=239&start=34&ndsp=20&tx=119&ty=72

  6. #3 Clog • Peasant shoes • Scandinavian countries • Wooden design • Resurgence in popularity http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=clog+diagram&source=images&cd=&docid=sDtsm5nNf907sM&tbnid=b9cxa09njx6fxM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shopping.com%2FDansko-Dansko-Professional-Cabrio-Clog-Women-s%2Fprices&ei=ZdSPUe70DaiViAfEsYBg&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNEDbHvZdhr5NQYEOEyGNhLxhBbfLw&ust=1368466917569052 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=crocs+clogs&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&sa=N&hl=en&rls=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=QUAlBeDf0OdVfM:&imgrefurl=http://coachshoessummer2011.blogspot.com/2012/05/dansko-work-clog-professional-crocs.html&docid=S2YrFDXuN0Fj3M&imgurl=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O5ifP_2IIe4/T78Yntry3PI/AAAAAAAAYBI/qK1kyJkISdU/s1600/DANSKO-CROC-CLOGS-13.jpg&w=600&h=440&ei=h9aPUZ7VBoe4iQf7hIGoAw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:15,s:0,i:128&iact=rc&dur=284&page=2&tbnh=181&tbnw=247&start=13&ndsp=20&tx=54&ty=90

  7. #4 Pump http://www.google.com/imgres?q=open+toe+pump&start=303&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&hl=en&rls=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=COlKH2tQnqm2DM:&imgrefurl=http://www.salamandershoes.com/ARA/889,5,6,ARA-St-Tropez-blue-nubuck-opentoe-pump.html&docid=I9mJ6r65m5OOGM&imgurl=http://salamandershoes.com/images/P/IMG_2267-lg.jpg&w=500&h=375&ei=8dqPUeX5MPCPiAeVkoCABQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:21,s:300,i:67&iact=rc&dur=261&page=14&tbnh=175&tbnw=223&ndsp=24&tx=84&ty=68 • Prominent in late 16th century United Kingdom • Thin constructed that acted as a “slip-on” • Heel lift added • Many variations http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ballet+en+pointe&source=images&cd=&docid=1vqbBnrBHFMqbM&tbnid=K3WtgvAmBlJxgM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.com%2Fitm%2FNew-GRISHKO-Maya-Ballet-Pointe-Shoes-Size-7-XXXX-M-%2F160969302902&ei=KNyPUavLKKboiAeYroGYAQ&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNGfd5Tw_IUrcYJwsNzj53yUNawdiw&ust=1368468860347355

  8. #5 Mule • Hybrid of a clog & pump • Closed toe, backless shoe • The original slipper • May have heel http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=mule+shoe&source=images&cd=&docid=yZIrTm8S5tlqFM&tbnid=XBbqodRkHMh_GM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Flovetosparkleandshine.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F04%2Fdefinition-of-beauty-shoe-styles.html&ei=6N6PUdysDYWtiAeipoGYBQ&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNEJuJLWyzMduSUm4rCdGM2oVvX3JA&ust=1368469601893559

  9. #6 Oxford • First lace-up style shoes • Mid-17th century • Has been the mainstay of shoegear since • A “monk” is a variation with a buckle http://www.google.com/imgres?q=monk+shoes&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=74MHj8ldIQwBXM:&imgrefurl=http://nm2u.wordpress.com/2013/01/06/official-fashion-a-z-dos-and-donts-for-2013-gents/&docid=DK7_sDGRZHin9M&imgurl=http://nm2u.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/harris-tan-double-monk-shoe-brown-product-1-230038-566698469_full.jpg&w=1020&h=732&ei=a-GPUdCfNejyiAeplICgBw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:6,s:0,i:98&iact=rc&dur=568&page=1&tbnh=182&tbnw=254&start=0&ndsp=15&tx=58&ty=51 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=oxford+shoes&start=149&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=mNpXY8vISqZP1M:&imgrefurl=http://www.kmart.com/shc/s/t_10151_10104%3FtName%3Dlace-up-oxford-shoes.html&docid=hlPqHO-lExSR_M&imgurl=http://c.shld.net/rpx/i/s/i/spin/image/spin_prod_640857801&w=1900&h=1900&ei=99-PUZS_Ls3PiAfl5oDYCQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:71,s:100,i:217&iact=rc&dur=1271&page=8&tbnh=191&tbnw=190&ndsp=24&tx=84&ty=61

  10. #7 Boot • Closed-toe • Extends above ankle • Lace-up or slip-on http://www.google.com/imgres?q=boot&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=GYJqUG2eDEoTBM:&imgrefurl=http://rfclipart.com/boot-outline-1431-vector-clipart.html&docid=pUQvNSSDHBSz5M&imgurl=http://img.rfclipart.com/image/big/94-7c-14/boot-outline-Download-Royalty-free-Vector-File-EPS-2734.jpg%253Fv3&w=1200&h=1200&ei=A-KPUc2dF-aSiQfDmoCwDA&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:48,s:0,i:232&iact=rc&dur=385&page=3&tbnh=183&tbnw=203&start=37&ndsp=20&tx=79&ty=115 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=boot&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=wSILxymByYQr4M:&imgrefurl=http://www.target.com/p/women-s-mossimo-supply-co-kaci-western-boot-assorted-colors/-/A-13971671&docid=LjIj8-Xv-nMTXM&imgurl=http://img1.targetimg1.com/wcsstore/TargetSAS//img/p/13/97/13971671.jpg&w=410&h=410&ei=A-KPUc2dF-aSiQfDmoCwDA&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:39,s:0,i:205&iact=rc&dur=319&page=3&tbnh=185&tbnw=185&start=37&ndsp=20&tx=37&ty=108 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=boot&start=290&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=pX5ObHsweeroyM:&imgrefurl=http://buildaboot.com/&docid=ENXxN23p2n9XdM&imgurl=http://buildaboot.com/sites/default/files/temp/288860082.png%253F1362002519&w=500&h=500&ei=beKPUavdOKm5iQfUloGoBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:95,s:200,i:289&iact=rc&dur=334&page=15&tbnh=184&tbnw=225&ndsp=20&tx=139&ty=119

  11. SHOE ANATOMY

  12. Upper Lower (sole)

  13. Uppers padded collar top line tongue counter vamp quarter eyelets

  14. Vamp • Covers the top of the toe box • May have a toe cap • Different composition based on function http://www.google.com/imgres?q=running+shoes&start=140&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=xY5ypTq10o5eEM:&imgrefurl=http://www.nikefree8.com/nike-free-5-0-v3/mens-nike-free-5-0-v3/nike-free-5-0-v3-mens-running-shoes-gray-green-1&docid=Sr-5m57LYbgNVM&imgurl=http://www.nikefree8.com/image/data/Nike%252520Free%2525205%2525200%252520V3/Mens%252520Nike%252520Free%2525205%2525200%252520V3/Nike%252520Free%2525205%2525200%252520V3%252520Mens%252520Running%252520Shoes%252520Gray%252520Green1-1.jpg&w=500&h=500&ei=0PqPUfb6O-2SiAeq-oHYAQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:52,s:100,i:160&iact=rc&dur=616&page=9&tbnh=181&tbnw=225&ndsp=16&tx=102&ty=109 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=dress+shoes&start=454&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=_LyQRmnbrg6qLM:&imgrefurl=http://buy-work-shoes.web-mall.biz/product/1/257/Shoes-For-Crews-Statesman-Mens-Brown-No-Slip-Dress-Shoes.html&docid=q3iBs0ABSKUjbM&imgurl=http://buy-work-shoes.web-mall.biz/img/1/249.jpg&w=350&h=350&ei=hvuPUd7AB6qOiAfJ94DIDg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:60,s:400,i:184&iact=rc&dur=671&page=24&tbnh=188&tbnw=197&ndsp=20&tx=89&ty=61

  15. Quarter • Forms along the sides of the upper • Largest part of the upper quarter

  16. Heel Counter • Maintains the shape of the shoe • Controls and stabilizes the heel http://www.google.com/imgres?q=heel+counter&um=1&safe=active&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&hl=en&biw=1130&bih=713&tbm=isch&tbnid=foNnxRo5EXUTCM:&imgrefurl=http://themiddlemiles.blogspot.com/2011/04/gear-review-nike-free.html&docid=YNtsktrWulxtwM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Sk-ToRr4T_4/TaxsxfEKitI/AAAAAAAAARg/PApPxs4-DoE/s1600/nike%252Bfree%252Bheel%252Bcounter.JPG&w=506&h=367&ei=gACQUcb2G4adiAfOxIHQBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:71,s:0,i:305&iact=rc&dur=385&page=5&tbnh=191&tbnw=264&start=71&ndsp=21&tx=184&ty=134 http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=heel+counter&source=images&cd=&docid=7KV_9i2nFxCo5M&tbnid=dDiAmzUhOYb5BM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theshoesnobblog.com%2F2012%2F07%2Fbreaking-in-shoes-your-first-30-days.html&ei=QgKQUZ_hHMmUiQeY0oDgAg&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNHwJA4eV3xm1merBpnK7zc_xg9aeA&ust=1368478208968784

  17. Tongue • Prevents debris from entering • Protects against pressure of laces • Ensure it’s not too long to irritate leg

  18. Padded collar • Cushion • Achilles notch

  19. Lower (sole) anatomy • 3 components to the sole of a shoe • Inner sole • Middle sole • Outer sole http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=asics&source=images&cd=&docid=z06xqjP-ZYcpnM&tbnid=mcejDICpLGKXAM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhypebeast.com%2F2009%2F11%2Fasics-gtii-tweed-collection%3F_locale%3Den&ei=FyORUfW9DIS0iQf7wYHYDQ&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNEK5VoPanPLsFR_jt22pcfqHwf4KQ&ust=1368552560839283

  20. Outer sole • Portion of the sole that makes contact with the ground • Provides traction, resists wear, and absorbs shock • Treaded layer glued to midsole • Thinner than the midsole • Typically, either made from: • Blown rubber  lighter, but less durable • Carbon rubber  heavier, but more durable • Combination

  21. http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=bottom+of+skate+shoes&source=images&cd=&docid=vY1BJhH9NkbaEM&tbnid=Fs10TupHExOa1M:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tactics.com%2Fdc%2Fmikey-taylor-s-skate-shoes%2Fblack-gum&ei=9gmQUZWTOeaKiQfRnoFw&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNFk_ENrMMn4CiTraGnEsOu5tZW_Cw&ust=1368480631287728http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=bottom+of+skate+shoes&source=images&cd=&docid=vY1BJhH9NkbaEM&tbnid=Fs10TupHExOa1M:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tactics.com%2Fdc%2Fmikey-taylor-s-skate-shoes%2Fblack-gum&ei=9gmQUZWTOeaKiQfRnoFw&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNFk_ENrMMn4CiTraGnEsOu5tZW_Cw&ust=1368480631287728 http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=bottom+of+running+shoes&source=images&cd=&docid=KVE04tR8kYZZSM&tbnid=VkCKw0Rw8xtq6M:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volleyballcentral.net%2Fmizuno-wave-nexus-g3-team-men-s-training-shoes.html&ei=EgqQUa2yHe6jiAeAjIHgAQ&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNHb8lfJApSNpdWdIHc1qZsTpEjQHA&ust=1368480658852654

  22. Middle sole • Thickest layer • Provides the majority of cushioning and shock absorption • Modification layer • Typically made from EVA or PU • Ethylene vinyl acetate  lighter, better cushioning, deteriorates quicker • Polyurethane  denser, heavier, more durable

  23. Modification layer • Mid sole cushioning devices • Medial post • Shank

  24. Mid sole cushioning device • Majority comes from EVA • Manufactures also insert their proprietary cushioning systems (w/n midsole) • Most common cushioning systems use encapsulated air, gel or other materials

  25. Medial post • Within the midsole (firmer) • EVA, thermoplastic urethane, carbon fiber or other materials • In stability and motion control shoes • Not in cushioned or neutral shoes • Size ,shape, & density determine amount of stability provided

  26. Shank • Stiffens the shoe under the arch • Makes the middle portion of the shoe more resistant to torsion and flexion • In most running shoes except the lightest and most flexible • Assists shoe in bending at toes • Adds weight

  27. Inner sole • Not visible on constructed shoe • Junction attachment of the sole to the upper shoe • Not an insert

  28. Sizing • Use a similar weight sock and orthotics • Leave at least ¼ inch (up to ½ inch) between longest toe and end of shoe • Heel counter should be snug enough to prevent heel from sliding • Fit shoe during the end of the day (swelling) • Shoes should never need breaking in • Always try on both shoes

  29. Last http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=shoe+last&source=images&cd=&docid=q5Kd0s2ZGezjNM&tbnid=teUim7327_HEeM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rei.com%2Flearn%2Fexpert-advice%2Frunning-shoes.html&ei=6ROQUf3PDo2diAej3oHIAg&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNGDBlmGh1m44AMHQwlZVPZJxMJsiw&ust=1368483177593564

  30. Shoe life • Less dependant on age of shoe • More dependant on amount of usage and signs of wear • Athletes vs non-athletes • Work vs casual • Differences among body habitus • Presence deformities

  31. Shoe breakdown • Occurs most commonly at the outer sole • Has has outer sole worn through to the middle sole? • Is there a 4mm difference from the other side of the heel?

  32. Shoe breakdown • Lack of middle sole shock absorption • Uneven on flat surfaces • Noticeable creases • General rule of thumb: Replace 300-500 miles

  33. Shoe breakdown • Heel counter deviation

  34. Guidelines for replacement • Even without use shoes can wear out • Depending on environment • Best to replace athletic shoes that are over a year old • Can be expensive in short term • Will prevent injuries and keep patients active in long run

  35. Picking shoes • Right shoe for the right foot • Best shoe for the job • Comfort & Function > Appearance • Remove/Avoid if irritating

  36. Evaluating • Straight heel • Counter test • Stable sole bottom • Bend at the toes • Torsion test http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=heel+counter+test&source=images&cd=&docid=KfcuIwAVZZ5jXM&tbnid=opt2ihPlJqjgXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therunnershigh.com%2Farticles%2Fdefrunningasa2.html&ei=uB2QUbODHq-ViQfX5YGIAg&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNHb0cKBVixwjuyMOQr7H3q6ATnLfQ&ust=1368485644751002 http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=heel+counter+test&source=images&cd=&docid=SROGfnHg03Rs-M&tbnid=VLcW9nn0zKj2HM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.footankle.com%2Fshoes.htm&ei=jB2QUfPZGIePiAe3joHoBw&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNHb0cKBVixwjuyMOQr7H3q6ATnLfQ&ust=1368485644751002 Adapted for Arnold Ross, DPM

  37. Evaluating • Straight heel • Counter test • Stable sole bottom • Bend at the toes • Torsion test http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=shoe+torsion+test&source=images&cd=&docid=xrJFpRKw9lVm8M&tbnid=obo6Um9XO3fOyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fkenva.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F04%2F15%2Fthe-shoe-test-by-mark-t-reeves%2F&ei=BR-QUYvyGMjIkQXm9oHYDw&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNFspuHlJZXkeeYz95AhGWoJIKDvbw&ust=1368485940397604

  38. Shoe recommendations • APMA • AAPSM • You don’t need to recommend a manufacturer, but give patients the knowledge to find their own shoes

  39. Minimalist shoes

  40. Minimalist shoes • Became popular after an article in Time in 2007 • Predominantly anecdotal • Concept: • Feet were not meant to wear shoes, therefore, cannot function efficiently with use • Barefoot/minimalist shoes allow strengthening of the pedal musculature

  41. Minimalist shoes • Conflicting research • Difficult to assess • Assumes no deformity

  42. Diabetic shoes • AKA extra-depth shoes • AKA therapeutic shoes • Prescribed http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=diabetic+shoes&source=images&cd=&docid=uJEbQucQ4S-k7M&tbnid=aC64w_qbQqhp3M:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcbl.com%2Forthotics-2%2Fdiabetec-shoes%2F&ei=4ziQUfmGJqKbigfr84Eo&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNFL-1QBiFX9KRnO7EKvDUiWbwc-mA&ust=1368492643971323

  43. Diabetic shoes • Function • Protect residual foot • Maintain position inside the shoe & reduce shear • Contribute to restoring normal gait • Allow for accommodation of orthotic device • Allows for modification e.g. steel shank or rockerbottom

  44. Diabetic shoes • Supplied by orthotist or sale in private office • Medicare supply new pair & 3 inserts each year • Exam shoes during patient encounter http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=diabetic+shoe+display&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=G3f3-iK-Qg-NPM&tbnid=Y8ltNc5-6F4p3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemandrug.com%2Fid64.html&ei=cCSRUfiWH82ViAeV3YGgBA&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNF_wkPftLE5ldCZiUBxAVm3rINALg&ust=1368552931325909

  45. Conclusion • Today’s shoes are variations of the 7 basic models • Sole vs upper • Find the correct shoe for the correct foot for the correct job • Diabetic shoes can help prevent ulcer formation

  46. References • Dr. Comfort. (n.d.). Basic shoe anatomy. • Janisse, D. J., & Janisse, E. J. (2006). Pedorthic and orthotic management of the diabetic foot. Foot Ankle Clinics of North America, 11(4), 717-734. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.06.005 • Mustafa, I. (2012). Shoes presentation. • Rossi, W. (1985) The seven basic shoe styles. Footwear and the Podiatrist75(3), 169-171. • Vonhof, J. (2011). Fixing your feet: Injury prevention and treatments for athletes (5th ed.). Birmingham, AL: Wilderness press. • Yan, A. F., Sinclair, P. J., Hiller, C., Wegener, C., & Smith, R. M. (2012). Impact attenuation during weight bearing activities in barefoot vs. shod conditions: A systematic review. Gait & Posture (Advance Online). doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.11.017

  47. Thank you! Questions?

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