Enzymes

1. Enzymes

2. Overview • Chemical RxN – process where chemical bonds between atoms are broken or formed to produce one or more different substances. NaCl Na+ + Cl- Reactants Products • Starting a chemical rxn requires activation energy. • Activation energy – energy needed to start a chemical rxn. ( a chemical push)

3. What are Enzymes? • Enzymes are substances called catalysts that speed up chemical rxns by decreasing the activation energy of the rxns. • Enzymes are mostly proteins. • Help maintain homeostasis as rxn in living things would not occur quickly enough to sustain life. • Enzymes usually end in ASE, like Kinase • Products will tell you what substrate enzyme worked on.

4. Decrease amount of energy needed to start RxN.

5. How do Enzymes work? • Enzymes work like a lock and key. That is, only an enzyme of a specific shape can fit the reactants of the reaction that it is catalyzing. • The reactant an enzyme works on is called a substrate. • The substrate binds to the active site to make the enzyme active. • Factors such as temperature, and pH affect enzyme activity.

7. A enzyme & substrate fit like a lock & key (shape specific) and like a hand in a glove – “induced fit” Active site is where the reactants bind to the enzyme

8. Lysosomes • organelles containing enzymes that digest worn out organelles, bacteria, or viruses • when a cell dies its lysosomes burst and break down the cell into macromolecules that are reused by other cells • are part of the Endomembrane system. • The Endoplasmic Reticulum (synthesis and transport) connects with the Golgi Appartus (molecule packaging) which makes the lysosomes