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BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Biological Methods to Assess Water Quality. Physiological methods = experimental - ecological methods Ecological methods = descriptive - analytic field methods. Physiological Methods = Biotests. Activity of particular metabolic features of the sample
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Biological Methods to Assess Water Quality • Physiological methods= experimental - ecological methods • Ecological methods = descriptive - analytic field methods
Physiological Methods = Biotests • Activity of particular metabolic features of the sample • Effect of the sample on the bioactivity of exposed organism
Ecological Methods = Bioindication • Community of organism reflects the situation of the ecosystem • Single Taxa have specific optima and tolerance ranges for selected environmental factor = Bioindicators
We can study populations of Macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of the health and oxygenation of a stream. • Macro means large enough to see with your eyes. • Invertebrate means animals without backbones. 95% of all animals are invertebrates! • Examples: insect larvae, crayfish, worms, adult aquatic insects
Why do these macroinvertebratesmake good bioindicators of stream and watershed health? •live in the water for all or most of their life •stay in areas suitable for their survival •are easy to collect •differ in their tolerance to amount and types of pollution •are easy to identify in a laboratory •often live for more than one year •have limited mobility
Bioindicators are grouped according to their tolerance of pollution/water quality. http://www.pca.state.mn.us/artwork/kids/dragonfly2.jpggDragonfly larvae tolerate some pollution. 1.http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/woodgate/streamhabitat. Caddisfly larvae are intolerant of pollution. Leeches and blood midge larvae are very tolerant of pollution 1.http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/woodgate/streamhabitat & www.pbase.com/ michellemahood/image/25470143
These are Bioindicators which are Pollution Intolerant. Their presence tells you that the water quality is excellent. We will use the dichotomous key to identify some of these! images from pathfinderscience.net unless otherwise cited http://www.trilobites.info/triloimposterpennymr005872_md.jpg