Health Occupations

Health Occupations Skeletal System – Unit 2

Spinal Column • Made up of 26 bones, divided into 5 parts • Function • Protect spinal cord • Provide support for head & neck • Curvature gives strength & flexibility • Each bone is called vertebrae • Intervertebral discs • Pads of cartilage separating the vertebrae • Act as shock absorbers • Allow bending & twisting

Vertebrae • Bone is called the vertebral body • 5 parts • Cervical – neck, 7 • Thoracic – chest, 12 • Lumbar – waist, 5 • Sacrum – back of pelvic girdle, 1 • Coccyx – tailbone, 1

C1 - Atlas C2 - Axis Cervical Vertebrae Vertebral Body Thoracic Vertebrae Intervertebral Disk Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx

Thorax • Ribs, Sternum, Vertebral bones • Protect heart & lungs • Ribs • 12 pair, called COSTAE • Attach to thoracic vertebrae on DORSAL surface of body • Types of ribs • True ribs – first 7, attach directly to sternum • False ribs – next 3, attach to cartilage of rib above • Floating ribs – last 2, do not attach to front of body • INTERCOSTAL space – • Area between ribs containing muscles, blood vessels, & nerves

Thorax (cont) • Sternum • Breast bone • 3 parts • Manubrium – upper part, where clavicles attach • Gladiolous – body, where hands are placed during CPR • Xiphoid process – small piece of cartilage at bottom, DANGER during CPR • Ribs attach to sternum with costal cartilage & provide a cage protecting the heart & lungs

Sternum - Gladiolus True Ribs Xiphoid process False Ribs Vertebral column Floating Ribs

Pectoral Girdle • Shoulder – made up of clavicles & scapulas • Clavicle – • 2 bones • Collar bones • Attach to manubrium of sternum with ligaments • Scapula • 2 shoulder blades • Provide for attachment of upper arm bones

Bones of the Arm • Humerus – upper arm • Radius – lower arm, thumb side • Ulna – larger bone of lower arm, little finger side • Olecranon process – projection on upper end of ulna, forms elbow • Carpals – 8 bones of wrist • Metacarpals – 5 bones in palm of hand • Phlanges – 14 bones of fingers

Pelvic girdle • Made up of 2 os coxae (coxal or hip bones) • Joins with sacrum on dorsal side of body at the SACROILIAC joint • Join together on ventral side of body at the SYMPHYSIS PUBIS • 3 parts, fused together • Ilium • Ischium • Pubis • Acetabula – 2 recessed areas (sockets) for leg bone attachment • Obturator foramen – opening between ishium & pelvis allowing passage of nerves & blood vessels to & from legs

Sacrum Sacroiliac joint Coccyx Ilium Ischial spine Acetabulum Obturator foramen Ischium Symphysis pubis Pubis

Legs • Femur – thigh • Patella – kneecap • Tibia – lower leg, large bone, big toe side • Fibula – lower leg, small bone, little toe side • Tarsals – 7 bones in ankle • Metatarsals – 5 bones in instep of foot • Phalanges – 14 bones in toes • Calcaneous – heel that is formed by the large tarsal bone

Parietal Maxilla Zygomatic Occipital Mandible Clavicle Scapula Sternum Xiphoid process Ribs Verbebrae Humerus Olecranon process Ulna Ilium Radius Sacrum Carpals Pubis Ischium Coccyx Symphysis pubis Phlanges Metacarpals Femur Patella Obturator foramen Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phlanges Calcaneous

Health Occupations