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New Global connections

New Global connections . Topic 2 Vega. Topic 2.1. Europeans explore overseas Objectives Identify the major causes of exploration Analyze early Portuguese and Spanish exploration & Expansion How the Portuguese established a foothold on Africa’s Coasts

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New Global connections

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  1. New Global connections Topic 2 Vega

  2. Topic 2.1 Europeans explore overseas Objectives Identify the major causes of exploration Analyze early Portuguese and Spanish exploration & Expansion How the Portuguese established a foothold on Africa’s Coasts Describe Europe’s search for a direct route to asia

  3. Causes of Exploration • By 1400’s European demand for spices grew (cloves, cinnamon, & pepper) • Moluccas: island chain in present-day Indonesia 1st reason: Eliminate middlemen (Italians & Muslims) by finding direct route to riches (spices/gold) 2nd reason: Conversion/ Save souls in the name of Christianity 3rd reason: Adventure/ Curiosity (Renaissance) 4th reason: Better Technology (Astrolabe, compass, Caravel, and lateen masts) Easiest way to remember this is the 3G’s: Gold, God, Glory

  4. 1. Which was a cause of European Exploration? • A. a desire for direct access to spices • B. the need to reduce Europe’s population • C. the need to limit the growth of Arab empires • D. a desire for better fishing grounds

  5. Portugal: the First to sea • Found great Promise in Africa (Prince Henry “The Navigator) and aimed to bypass the Mediterranean Sea to get to Indonesia • Gathered cartographers in Sagres to collect newest technology and improve maps and pushed into Africa • Began by sailing along the African coast and building forts for the purpose of trade and to mark progress (muskets, tools, cloth for ivory, gold, hides, slaves) • Eventually Bartholomeu Dias will sail around the cape of “Good Hope” (1488) • They will also conquer many east African coastal cities (Mombasa, Malindi) to control coastal trade • Vasco de Gama completes Portuguese mission by reaching Calicut (Spice Island) via Africa (1497)

  6. 2. Portuguese explorers created a trading empire by? • A. Discovering a sea route around Africa to India • B. Negotiating agreements with local tribal leaders • C. Marrying local women and building settlements • D. Discovering new inland trading opportunities

  7. Columbus & SPain • C. Columbus convinced Spanish monarchs Ferdinand & Isabella to sponsor a voyage by sailing west as a means to compete with Portugal • The purpose was simple help strengthen empire by finding new wealth • Oct 12, 1492 discovers the West Indies (island off the coast of Americas) • He will make 3 other trips each time exploring and inspiring others to further explore • Treaty of Tordesillas was signed in 1494 to keep peace between Spain & Portugal who both competed for the valuable trade routes (Line of demarcation) • Amerigo Vespucci (Americas)

  8. 3. How did Spain benefit from the treaty of Tordesillas and Line of Demarcation? • A. Spain won exploration and trading rights over half of the non-European world • B. Portugal had to surrender its African forts. • C. Spain no longer had close ties to the Catholic Church • D. Spain gained territory in Europe

  9. Alternate Routes of Competition • Europeans soon realized Americas blocked sea passage to India (Northwest Passage) • Verified by Vasco Nunez de Balboa who discovered the Pacific Ocean • Ferdinand Magellan navigated around South America and was the first to sail the Pacific/ he was later killed but his voyage was the first to circumnavigate the world • Other countries began to directly compete with Portugal in Africa (Dutch, French, English) • They settled outposts in Africa following the examples of Spain & Portugal • Example (Dutch/ Boers (Calvinists who settled in South Africa, Cape Town) killed Africans because they were inferior

  10. 4. How did balboa’s discovery affect European exploration? • A. It encouraged explorers to seek a direct sea route to the Pacific and East Indies • B. It allowed explorers to form alliances with Native Americans groups in the Caribbean • C. It challenged explorers to find a shorter past the Cape of Good Hope to India • D. It discouraged explorers from searching for a northwest passage to the East Indies

  11. 5. Which describes the main reason why European powers expanded their presence in Africa? • A. to explore African rivers and learn about African plants and animals • B. to cooperate with other European powers to spread Christianity throughout Africa • C. to expand their trade in Africa, the Indian Ocean, and India • D. to make agreements with African leaders to work and trade together with Arab traders

  12. Europeans Gain Foothold in Asia Topic 2.2 Summarize how Portugal built a trading empire in Southeast Asia Analyze how the Dutch & Spanish gained dominance in Asia Describe European Contacts with Ming and Qing China Summarize Korean and Japanese attitudes toward contact with outside world

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