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Carboxylic acids R-COOH

Carboxylic acids R-COOH. Nomenclature A) IUPAC - نأخذ اسم alkane ونحذف حرف e ونستبدله بـ oic acid . Alkane alkanoic acid مع مراعاة ترقيم -COOH كرقم 1. B) Common name. - يمكن بدلاً من استخدام الترقيم الحروف اللاتينية α ، β ، γ ، δ. Nomeclature of some aromatic acids.

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Carboxylic acids R-COOH

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  1. Carboxylic acidsR-COOH Nomenclature A) IUPAC - نأخذ اسم alkane ونحذف حرف e ونستبدله بـ oic acid. Alkanealkanoic acid مع مراعاة ترقيم -COOH كرقم1.

  2. B) Common name - يمكن بدلاً من استخدام الترقيم الحروف اللاتينية α ، β، γ ، δ

  3. Nomeclature of some aromatic acids

  4. Preparation of carboxylic acids(1) Oxidation of 1ry alcohols or aldehydes Oxidizing agent may KMnO4, K2Cr2O7

  5. (2) From Grignard reagent

  6. (3Oxidation of alkyl benzene 4) Hydrolysis of nitrilesNitrile means compounds containing CN

  7. - هذه الطريقة تصلح لزيادة عدد ذرات أى مركب ذرة كربون واحدة كالآتى : e.g. convert n-propanol to butanoic acid

  8. (5)From olefins (alkenes) (6) From acetylenes (7) Haloform reaction

  9. Reaction of carboxylic acids 1)Formation of salts 2)Formation of ester

  10. 3)Decarboxylation Q. convert toluene into 1,3,5 trinitrobenzene(TNB(

  11. 4) Reduction • 5) Conversion of acid-to-acid chloride

  12. 7)Conversion of acid to amides 8)Kolb electrolysis

  13. 9) Substitution reactions of carboxylic acidsIN aliphatic acidHell-Volhard-Zeliniki reaction • It occurs in aliphatic acid atα-position

  14. Other example يمكن أن يتم نفس التفاعل مع Br2 • B) Aromatic acid: –COOH is m-directing group.

  15. 10)Hunsdiecker reaction this is one way of shorting the carbon chain

  16. Derivative of carboxylic acids(1) Acid halide • Nomecalture • باستبدال حرف e من اسم alkaneب oyl halide Alkanealkanoyl halide - أو من اسم الحمض باستبدال icب yl chloride

  17. Preparations1-From acids

  18. 2- From Aldhydes • Chemical reactions

  19. Reaction of acid chloride with R-MgX (2) Acid anhydride • التسمية تتم بذكر اسم الحمض متبوعاً بكلمة anhydride

  20. Preparation1-From acid chloride (2)From acetylene

  21. (3) From ketene • Chemical reactions

  22. (3) Amide التسمية تتم بذكر اسم alkane محذوفاً منه حرف e واستبداله بـ amide أو اسم الحمض محذوفاً منه oic واستبدالهاب amide

  23. Preparation of amides (1) From acid chloride, anhydride, ester (2) From nitriles

  24. (1 Hydrolysis • Chemical reactions 2)Hofmann degradation of amide Q. Convert acetic acid to methyl amine. الإجابة

  25. 3) Dehydration 4 ) Action of nitrous acid

  26. (4) Esters التسمية تتم كالآتى 1- ذكر اسم R` 2- ذكر اسم الحمض محذوفاً منه -ic ومضافاً اليه ate

  27. Preparation Reactions of esters Reaction with Grignard to form t-alc.

  28. Claisen condensation of ester Mechanism

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