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High-Fidelity Building Energy Monitoring Network

Xiaofan Jiang and David Culler. High-Fidelity Building Energy Monitoring Network. In collaboration with Stephen Dawson-Haggerty, Prabal Dutta, Minh Van Ly, Jay Taneja. Computer Science Department University of California - Berkeley. LoCal Retreat 2009. My PG&E Statement.

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High-Fidelity Building Energy Monitoring Network

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  1. Xiaofan Jiang and David Culler High-Fidelity Building Energy Monitoring Network In collaboration with Stephen Dawson-Haggerty, Prabal Dutta, Minh Van Ly, Jay Taneja Computer Science Department University of California - Berkeley LoCal Retreat 2009

  2. My PG&E Statement • Current level of visibility • Delayed • Aggregated over time • Aggregated over space • Inaccessible • Want • Real-time • Per-appliance [Stern92], [Raaii83]

  3. Aggregate is Not Enough What caused the spike at 7:00AM? What’s the effect of turning off A? What percent is wasted by idle PCs at night? What percent is plug-load What’s the effect of server load on energy?

  4. This would be nice…

  5. Architecture • ACme application • Standard networking tools • Python driver + DB + web • ACme network • IPv6 wireless mesh • Transparent connectivity between nodes and applications • ACme node • Plug-through • Small form factor • High fidelity energy metering • Control • Simple API

  6. ACme Node

  7. Two Designs ACme-A ACme-B

  8. ACme-A vs ACme-B ACme-A ACme-B • Resistor + direct rectification + energy metering chip • Real, reactive, apparent power (power factor) • Idle power 1W • Low CPU utilization • Hall-Effect + step-down transformer + software • Apparent power • Idle power 0.1W • Medium CPU utilization A tradeoff between fidelity and efficiency

  9. ACme Node API • ASCII shell component running on UDP port provides direct access to individual ACme node: • Adjust sampling parameter • Debug network connection • Over-the-air reprogramming • Separate binary UDP port for data • Periodic report to ip_addr at frequency rate

  10. ACme Network backhaul links edge routers • IPv6 mesh routing • Each ACme is an IP router • Header compression using 6loWPAN/IPv6 (open implementation -blip) • Modded Meraki/OpenMesh as “edge router” • Diagnostics using ping6/tracert6 • ACme send per-minute digest / no in-network aggregation Acme nodes internet data repository app 1 app 2

  11. Network Performance • 49 nodes in 5 floors • Single edge router • 6 month to-date • 802.11 interference (on channel 19)

  12. ACme Application • N-tier web application • ACme is just like any data feed • Python daemon listening on UDP port and feed to MySQL database • Web application queries DB and visualize UDP Packets 6loWPAN Apache ACme Driver MySQL DB Python Daemon

  13. Visualization http://acme.cs.berkeley.edu/

  14. Building Energy Monitoring • Understanding the load tree • Disaggregation • Measurements • Estimations • Re-aggregation • Functional • Spatial • Individual

  15. Understanding the Load Tree

  16. Deployment • Edge router obtaining IPv6 address • Ad-hoc deployment • Un-planned • Online “registration” using ID and KEY • Meta data collection • Security • Online for 6 month and counting • 10 million rows

  17. Deployment

  18. Raw Data

  19. Additivity using Time Correlated Data

  20. Multi-Resolution

  21. Appliance Signature

  22. Functional Re-aggregation

  23. Correlate with Meta-data

  24. Spatial Re-aggregation

  25. Individual Re-aggregation

  26. Improvements in Energy Usage

  27. Reducing Desktop Idle Power

  28. Discussion and Conclusion Discussion Conclusion • Measurement fidelity vs coverage • Non-intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) • IP node level API vs application layer gateway • Easy of deployment is key • DB design • Multiple input channel / power strip • ACme is a fine-grained AC metering network that provides real-time high-fidelity energy measurement and it’s easy to deploy • 3 steps to building energy monitoring – understanding load tree; disaggregation; re-aggregation

  29. Discussion • LoCal web site: http://local.cs.berkeley.edu • ACme web site: http://acme.cs.berkeley.edu • Contact: fxjiang@cs.berkeley.edu

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