A Design Model using Mutation Shape Emergence

1. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. A Design Model using Mutation Shape Emergence Focusing on mutational emergent shapes HYUN-AH, CHOI and HAN-JONG, JUN Hanyang University, Department of Architectural Engineering

2. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. Contents • PART 1: Motivation & Purpose • PART 2: Mutation Shape Emergence • PART3: Empirical Study • PART 4: Design Process Model • PART5: Conclusion & Future work

3. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 1. Motivation & Purpose • 1. Drawings and sketches produced in the design process would stimulate • the transformations of thought to guide the creative thinking • by providing various visual cues. • Those features which are not explicitly represented but emerge • through design process are called ‘emergent’. • These emergent features help to create a novel and different design. • 3. The ability to recognize properties and characteristics of artefacts • which were not anticipated in the early stage of design would be considered • an important aspect of human visual perception in creative thinking. • 4. This study aims at presenting a design model based on the cognitive mechanism • discovering mutational emergent shapes • as an extended theory of shape emergence. • 5. Computational model of mutation shape emergence will be developed • based on this design model.

4. Primary Shapes New Shapes Emergence Unintentional perception of patterns from the representation Emergent shape Shapes are present but unrecognized or implicit in the initial drawn shapes Shape Emergence Process of finding other shapes derivable from the initial shape Cyber Architecture Design Lab. (A) Primary Shape (B) Emergent Shape 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes Re-interpretation Shape Emergence

5. The Phenomenon of genes changing at random. • A basic factor of hereditary diversity and evolution. Genetics An action of changing features or attributes of an object or a concept in an unconventional manner Design System Genetics Gene New Phenotype A mechanism that makes possible the creative thinking in the diversity of shapes’ discovery Shapes Property New Shape A B D E C F Mutation Mutant X A B C D E F Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes 2-1. Definition Gene Mutation

6. Homogeneous mutational Emergent Shapes Heterogeneous mutational Emergent Shapes Mutation of physical properties occur but the new shape has heterogeneous representation from primary shape Mutation of physical properties occur but the new shape has homogeneous representation of a primary shape Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes 2-1. Definition

7. Discovering Process of Homogeneous Mutational Emergent Shapes Discovering Process of Heterogeneous Mutational Emergent Shapes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes 2-2. Discovering Mutational Emergent Shapes

8. (A) Explicit closed emergent shapes: shapes are both closed and existed in explicit properties of primary shapes (B) Implicit closed emergent shapes: shapes are closed but not necessarily existed in explicit properties of primary shapes. These shapes can also be defined by extending lines and connecting vertices. (C) Mutational closed emergent shapes: shapes are both closed and discovered by mutation of physical properties of primary shapes. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes 2-3. Classification of Emergent Shapes and Mutational Emergent shapes

9. Purpose of experiment To explore the possibility of discovering mutational emergent shapes in design process 7 participants who were graduate students of Department of Architecture Participant Primary Shape Laboratory Setting Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 3. Empirical Studies 3-1. Empirical Study 1

10. Sketches Verbal data Procedure of Experiment 10 Minutes 40 Minutes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 3. Empirical Studies 3-1. Empirical Study 1 Camera 1 Camera 2 Explanation Of Experiment Think Aloud Reports Outcomes Retrospective Reports

11. Analyzing the first experimentation – Participant 3 Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 3. Empirical Studies 3-1. Empirical Study 1 Sketch Think Aloud Reports Time

12. Analyzing the first experimentation – Participant 5 Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 3. Empirical Studies 3-1. Empirical Study 1 Sketch Think Aloud Reports Time

13. The purpose of experimentation • To determine the degree of difficulty in recognizing • the mutational emergent shapes • To analyze the cognitive process of mutational emergent shapes 104 participants who are undergraduate or graduate students of school of Architecture Participant Degree of Difficulty Test Sketches Free Sketch Test Questionnaires 15 Minutes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 3. Empirical Studies 3-2. Empirical Study 2 Outcomes Explanation Of Experimentation Preliminaries

14. Problem Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 74 10 12 7 1 22 18 24 26 14 30 19 26 20 9 Very Easy Easy Normal Difficult Very Difficult 91 6 6 1 23 17 21 30 13 100 4 A. Degree of Difficulty Test 11 15 23 35 20 102 2 • 28 25 21 10 0 104 (Person) 60 80 20 40 Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 3. Empirical Studies 3-2. Empirical Study 2

15. Homogeneous Mutational Emergent Shapes B. Free Sketch Test Heterogeneous Mutational Emergent Shapes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 3. Empirical Studies 3-2. Empirical Study 2

16. Empirical study 1 Empirical study 2 • More difficult than from the explicit closed • 8.9% of possibility to discover • Able to distinguish to Homogeneous • and Heterogeneous Mutational Emergent • Shape • Participant 3 -> Center point • Participant 5 -> Contact Point • Heterogeneous mutational emergent • shape • Although mutational emergent shapes are not easy to discover as seen in the test on the • degree of difficulty, participants could analogize such shape by means of sketching. • Mutational emergent shapes are discovered resulting from mutation of the new properties • stemming from the primary shape. • Participants came up with new shapes by using implicit and/or explicit properties of • primary shapes such as mid points, contact points, angle points and n-section points. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 3. Empirical Studies 3-3. Results and Discussion

17. Primary Shapes De - structuring Unstructured properties Re-structuring Mutation of properties Emergent properties Re-interpretation Mutational Emergent shapes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 4. Process Model A process model of mutational emergent shape

18. Primary shapes The process of breaking down primary shape to individual properties based on intended representation De-structuring Unstructured properties Re-structuring The process where new properties are discovered through multiple representation Emergent properties Mutation of properties Re-interpretation Mutational emergent shapes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 4. Process Model < De-structuring of primary shape > < Re-structuring of primary shape >

19. Mutational emergent shapes are defined as extended theory • of shape emergence. • 2. Through the two empirical studies, we found out the facts that • mutational emergent shape is discovered and adapted for • the development of sketches in design. • Additionally, its cognitive mechanism was analysed. • 3. On the basis of cognitive mechanism, • a process model of mutation shape emergence was suggested. • Further research work is necessary to explore the design process • at the practical level with the use of mutational emergent shapes. • Concrete steps of representation of mutational emergent shapes • should be suggested for computation of mutation shape emergence. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 5. Conclusions and Future Work