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PUNCTUATION

PUNCTUATION. Comma, Dash, Colon. Comma . is used before a coordinating conjunction ( and, but, or etc) that links independent clauses. b. is used after an introductory adverb clause and, often, after an introductory phrase(unless the phrase is short).

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PUNCTUATION

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  1. PUNCTUATION Comma, Dash, Colon

  2. Comma • is used before a coordinating conjunction ( and, but, or etc) that links independent clauses. b. is used after an introductory adverb clause and, often, after an introductory phrase(unless the phrase is short). c. is used to separate items in a series. d. is used to set off non-restrictive elements and after other parenthetical elements. A non-restrictive modifier is a phrase or clause that is not a must (does not limit the meaning the statement that is modified). You should usually set off non-restrictive elements with comma. You should not set off restrictiveelements with commas. e. is used to precede “and” is optional unless needed to prevent misreading.

  3. Superfluous Commas • Do not use a comma to separate the subject from its predicate. b. Do not use a comma to separate a verb from its object, or its subject complement, or a preposition from its object. c. Do not misuse a comma after a coordinating conjunctiond. d. Do not use a comma to set off words and short phrases (especially introductory ones) that are not parenthetical or that are very slightly. e. Do not use a comma to set off restrictive elements. f. Do not use a comma before the first item or after the last item of a series.

  4. Dash Placing parenthetical statement between dashes has the opposite effect; it emphasizes the material.

  5. Colon • You use a colon only after an independent clause. b. You may not use a colon between a verb and its object or subject complement, or between a preposition and its object.

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