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VoIP Applications for the Small Business. Agenda. Evolution of Communications Digital vs VoIP How VoIP works as a transport layer What is “The Cloud”? Common Applications Advantages of VoIP Misconceptions about VoIP. Evolution of Communications. Scream at your Neighbor. IP PBX.
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Agenda • Evolution of Communications • Digital vs VoIP • How VoIP works as a transport layer • What is “The Cloud”? • Common Applications • Advantages of VoIP • Misconceptions about VoIP
Evolution of Communications Scream at your Neighbor IP PBX Phone Guy Gets Yelled at! 2 Cans and a String CPE PBX using IC Chips Central Office
Digital vs VoIP • Digital -Like a Subway or a Train • Goes Point to Point • Lots of people in the same car! • Predetermined stops • Not Very Flexible • VoIP – Like a Taxi • Dynamic in direction • Single Occupant • Goes to one address • Very Flexible
Telephone Systems • Telephones are directly connected to the system • Telephones - limited distance from the KSU • Telephones are dumb terminals • System Hardware controls the configuration size • Communications is most often proprietary • Use Pulse Code Modulation • Use Time Division Multiplexing
Pulse Code Modulation • Encoder • Time Division Multiplexing is the distance between the samples • Voice Conversation is transmitted in 0’s and 1’s
Transport Layer Ext 1401 Voice Ext 2407 Voice PBX 2 PBX 1 Digitized Voice All 0’s and 1’s Digitized Voice All 0’s and 1’s Transmitted Via T1/PRI Transmitted Via T1/PRI PSTN T1/PRI transport E&M Emulation 010001110101 010001110101 Ext 401 Voice Ext 407 Voice PBX
What is VoIP • Voice over Internet Protocol is the transmission of voice over a network – Not the Internet • Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model: • 7 = Application – processes applications • 6 = Presentation – data representation and encryption • 5 = Session – Inter-host communications • 4 = Transport – End to end connections and reliability (TCP) • 3 = Network – Path determination and logical addressing (IP) • 2 = Data Line – Physical Addressing (MAC addresses & LLC) • 1 = Physical – Medial, signal and binary transmission
19216 WEST 81ST x x x Address Driven OFFICE 5 OFFICE 1 OFFICE 5 OFFICE 1 192.16 West 8.1st – Office 1 192.16 West 8.1st – Office 2 192.16 West 8.1st – Office 3 192.16 West 8.1st – Office 4 192.16 West 8.1st – Office 5 192.16 West 8.1st – Office 6 x x x OFFICE 3 OFFICE 3 x x x x x x IP Address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 OFFICE 6 OFFICE 4 OFFICE 2 OFFICE 6 OFFICE 4 OFFICE 2 x x x x x x Server Room x x x x x x
Transport Layer Ext 1401 Voice Ext 2401 Voice PBX 2 PBX 1 Digitized Voice All 0’s and 1’s Digitized Voice All 0’s and 1’s 62.203.3.1 67.203.5.1 Gateway Gateway Packets addressed and sent over the Internet Packets addressed and sent over the Internet Internet transports from one location to another using address Internet
What is the Cloud? 66.210.10.1 127.107.7.1 62.203.3.1 64.201.100.4 66.166.1.4 62.2.200.4 65.25.2.2 61.200.2.3 65.16.200.5 168.68.2.6 66.210.10.2 127.107.7.2 127.107.7.3 66.166.1.12
Common Applications • Remote Worker • Unmanaged Network – Latency and jitter • Bandwidth Limitations • Only need one static IP Address 192.168.100.1 67.28.190.127 WAN Internet 167.19.120.111 301 302 303
Common Applications 192.168.1.120 • Remote Workers • Gateway Registration • WAN Port 192.168.100.1 125.105.90.201 67.28.190.127 Internet 167.19.120.111 112.47.99.98 192.168.22.199 301 302 303
Common Applications • Creating a Voice Network • Unmanaged Network – Latency and jitter • Bandwidth Limitations • Only need one static IP Address Internet 67.28.190.127 122.24.50.13 301 302 303 301 302 303
Common Applications • Adding to the Voice Network 192.168.22.110 192.168.22.111 192.168.11.110 192.168.11.111 WAN LAN LAN Internet 67.28.190.127 122.24.50.13 301 302 303 301 302 303
Common Applications • Adding SIP trunks to the Voice Network 192.168.22.110 192.168.22.111 Internet 67.28.190.127 SIP Trunks 301 302 303 SIP Trunks
Common Applications • Two locations 192.168.22.110 192.168.22.111 192.168.11.110 192.168.11.111 Internet 67.28.190.127 122.24.50.13 301 302 303 301 302 303 SIP Trunks
Advantages to VoIP • Standards of Interconnectivity • Dynamic in Installation and Application • Unlimited in Size – Global Network • Remote workers • Relatively easy to create a “Voice Network” • Easy to do MAC Work • Single Cable Runs (Maybe) • Tree Topology
Tree Topology 1 x x x OFFICE 5 OFFICE 1 x x x OFFICE 3 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.4 OFFICE 6 OFFICE 4 OFFICE 2 x x x Server Room x x x
Tree Topology 2 x x x OFFICE 5 OFFICE 1 x x x OFFICE 3 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.4 OFFICE 6 OFFICE 4 OFFICE 2 x x x Server Room x x x
Disadvantages of VoIP • Remains Expensive for the Small Business • Can be difficult to troubleshoot • Standards are still evolving • Quality of Voice over an Unmanaged Network • Lags on Call Processing Functionality • External Interfaces • Line appearances and buttons
Misconceptions about VoIP • I am going to save Money! • No more paying long distance toll charges • When I use VoIP I only need one cable drop per office • Using Remote workers will save me money because I can use a smaller office The Answer to all VoIP Questions is… It Depends