World War I: The Great War Chapter 11

1. World War I: The Great War Chapter 11

2. Focus: What is the United States’ role in world affairs at the conclusion of the SPAM war?

3. Causes of WWI 1.Nationalism • belief that national interests should be ahead of global consideration. Foreign affairs should be guided by self interest.

4. 2. Imperialism • Germans competed with France and Britain for colonies • Colonies added prestige • Small conflicts arose

5. 3. Militarism • development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy • Competition with other countries

6. 4. Alliance System • treaties of assistance. A commitment to support one another

8. Alliances • Triple Entente • Allies (France, Great Britain, and Russia, later Italy & US.) • Triple Alliance • Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary)

9. Assassination Leads to War • Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Heir to Austrian throne was visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia with wife Sophie. • Bosnia was annexed by Austria-Hungary

10. Funeral of Archduke

11. Gavrio Princip • Shot the Archduke • Member of the “Black Hand” • Group who wanted to unite Serbs under one government

12. War Begins • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • Russia supports Serbia • Germany supports Austria-Hungary • Declare war on Russia, France

13. Great Britain declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary

14. Discussion Questions • 1. How did the formation of Alliances contribute to the beginning of World War I? • 2. What was Archduke Ferdinand’s role in World War I?

15. Focus: Who were the “Black Hand” and what did they want?

16. Fighting Begins • Germany invades Belgium on August 4th, 1914 • Used the Schlieffen Plan (wait on Russia, go west first)

18. Great Britain and France go to protect. Retreate to the Marne River to stop Germans

19. Trench Warfare • Battles were fought inside trenches for yard gain. • Land in-between trenches known as “no man’s land”

20. Allied Kitchen

21. Food was mostly canned beef, bread and biscuits. • Local Vegetables • Soup and Tea

22. Trench Periscope

23. Trench Periscope

29. Eastern Front • Russia vs. Germany • Austria-Hungary vs. Italy • In Africa: Germany vs. Britain

30. American Neutrality • Pacifism – Most Americans didn’t feel the need to get involved. No threat to American lives or property.

31. Most sympathized with the Allies, especially after Germany’s aggression in Belgium. • Common Ancestory, language and literature

32. British Blockade • Coast of Germany, neutral ports, mined the North Sea. • Blocked weapons and food (750,000 starved)

33. Germans responded with U-boats (submarines) • sink any British ship

34. “Lusitania” • May 7, 1915 • British ship “Lusitania” was sunk • 128 Americans aboard • Germans said it had weapons • Americans avoided the sea

35. Neutrality • President Wilson still remained neutral • despite numerous sinkings • Wilson wins the election of 1916. “He kept us out of war”

36. Zimmerman Note • Telegram sent by German foreign minister to Mexico • Intercepted by British • Said that Germany would help Mexico in a fight against the U.S.

37. Germany continues to sink American Ships (4 unarmed merchant ships, loss of 36 lives)

38. U.S. Enters War “Over There” • War Resolution Passed in April, 1917 • Reasons • 1. Ensure Allied repayment • 2. Prevent Germans from threatening shipping

39. Lack of Manpower • Only about 200,000 men were in service. Many outdated weapons. • Draft - (conscription) • Requires men to register for service

41. Who do you think should be eligible for the draft? • Males 18-45 • Males and Females 18-45 • Males 18-35 • Males and Females 18-35 • Males and Females 18-25 • Males 18-25 [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

43. Who should be excused? • Farmers who are needed on the farm. • Defense plant workers • Highly skilled defense plant workers • Single people who are the sole support of their family • People who are married • People who are married and have young kids • Married people who are the sole support of the family • Doctors and Dentists • Doctors and Dentists who are the only ones in comm. • Business owners [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

45. Who should be excused? • Skilled workers who can’t be replaced. • College Students • Students studying to be scientists • Scientists • Teachers [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

46. Arnold Whipple • Yes • No

48. John Donnell • Yes • No

49. Sam Snell • Yes • No

50. Fred Freiburg • Yes • No