Regional Training Course on Genderizing the Population and Housing Census 12 – 16 July 2010 Chiba, Japan

1. Regional Training Course on Genderizing the Population and Housing Census12 – 16 July 2010 Chiba, Japan Genderizing the Population Census in Nepal (Past efforts and future plan) Bikash Bista CBS, Nepal

2. Outlines of the presentation • Nepal in figure • The census organization • The main objectives of PHC - 2011 • Data items included in the census • The Process of genderizing the population Census 2001 • Gender statistics in 2001 population census • Impact of the gender sensitization in pop.cen 2001 • New initiation in PHC-2011 • Media Strategy on Public awareness for the upcoming census.

3. Nepal in a figure • Nepal is a landlocked country surrounded by the China in the north and India in the south, west and east. • Ecologically country is divided into three regions running east to west. They are Viz. Mountain, Hill and Terai( plains). • Administratively it is divided into five development regions and 75 districts. • Population size : 27.5 million ( projected for 2009) • Population growth 2.25 % per year.( 2001 census) • Life expectancy : Total : 64.1 where, female 64.5 and male 63.6 • Literacy rate: Average : 54.1 where, female 42.8 and male 65.5 ( census 2001) • Female headed household 23.4 % (DHS 2006 ) ( where as 15 % 2001 census)

4. The Census organization • Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) is a government agency responsible for conducting the decennial Population and Housing Census(PHC) in Nepal since 1911 A.D. • The population censuses conducted up to 1941 was nothing more than simple head count. The modern method was used first time in 1951 introducing modified De-jure method by changing fairly in the De-jure method. i.e., “Ligal place of residence ” replaced by the “Usual place of residence”. • Centralized statistical system envisaged. However, current system is de’facto decentralized. • National Statistical Council (NSC) has been established as an apex body to develop an integrated statistical system, to co-ordinate and standardized statistical activities, headed by the Vice-chairman of National Planning commission and DG of CBS as member secretary.

5. The main objectives of PHC - 2011 • The PHC- 2011 has been scheduled to be conducted in June 17 to 27, 2011. • The broad objectives of the census are: • To create the basis in order to assess • the impact of development program conducted since 2001 • monitor the MDGs • Baseline data for the newly created federal states / to be created federal states. • Helps to determine the size of Legislature. • Determination of Municipality, Sub-metro, Metropolitan City. • Gender disaggregated or gender responsive and socially inclusive data by age, caste/ethnicity, language, religion, disability, marital status etc.

6. Selection of the census enumerators and supervisors • In central office about 10 personnel as core group at different capacity and level are directly involved in the data collection, data processing, data analysis and data dissemination of the census. • Each District census office request to the District education office to make available the certain number of teachers to work as enumerators and supervisors in the district • Census enumerators will be taken in deputation from the primary level’s teachers. • The selection criteria is set as having at least SLC passed , 40 percent female, socially inclusive , local people and local language, young & energetic will be preferred .

7. Contd… • Census supervisors will be taken in deputation from the lower secondary level’s teachers . • The selection criteria is set as having at least intermediate level passed , 40 percent female, socially inclusive , local people and local language, young & energetic will be chosen. • Women Development Officers and other Government Staff including FCHW (female community health worker) found more effective in rural areas as enumerators during pilot . • If the number of teachers , WDO, FCHW provided is not enough then District census officer complete the requirement from the fresh recruitment

8. Contd…. • Under the district census office there will be Illaka(Area) census offices headed by the Illaka supervisors. Two to seven Illakas would be in one district • The District Census Officers and Illaka Supervisors will be deployed from those working permanently in the government services which may be from inside or outside of the CBS.

9. Data items included in the census

10. Consultation with data users • CBS organized various workshops/ seminars gathering to the different types of data users while determining the data items and questions to be included in the census. • By constituting the census technical committee comprising the leading figures and experts of different aspects such as professionals, academia , researchers etc. • CBS has constituted various thematic committee as gender and social inclusion, Census mapping, Publicity etc.

11. Gender concerns in the Govt. action Plan • The government of Nepal has given due priority to the gender mainstreaming and women empowerment issues in it’s planning document. Among the various action plans most important three action plans are: - The agencies directly involving in the area of gender mainstreaming and women empowerment, would be helped to empower and capacity enhancement . - With the view to empower the single women, programs related with the employment and social security scheme would be implemented effectively. - Gender sensitive budgeting system will be adopted in the formulation process of all sectoral programs with more effective and meaningful way and institutionalizing of such process would be extended up to local level budgeting.

12. Background • Despite bearing the tremendous work burden of the paid and unpaid economies and having contributed to the household and national economies, women are not perceived as economic entities and their work was invisible. • There was a Gross Gapin the availability of sex disaggregated data and gender responsive indicators. • Series of interaction and debate on the draft questionnaire and manuals resulted to agreement to generate new information and redefinition of the concept for instance,

13. e.g. women’s ownership of land, house and livestock, redefining economic and non economic activities, asking about household level enterprise, migration and destination, head of household etc. • Frequent brainstorming on gender issues related to census during stakeholders meetings and regional seminars brought greater understanding and reporting in the census. • In addition to the main manual a comprehensive manual with pictorial illustration on the concepts of gender in relevance to census were prepared.

14. The Process of genderizing the population Census 2001 • The process of genderizing the census was initiated by UNIFEM • Genderizing attempt done for the 1991 could not be materialized. • For the PHC 2001 it was initiated around 1995 • UNIFEM is contributing as a focal agency since than. • Regular meetings on this issues are being held with the Unifem and other stakeholders. • During these meetings several gender issues were identified in: • Concepts & definitions • Manual and questionnaires • Standardization of Classifications • Occupation and industry classifications • Gender orientation and awareness • Inadequate interaction programs for census genderizing

15. Contd… • Various gaps were encountered in genderizing the Census • Thorough understanding of the term • No understanding and commitment at the high level • Population was more important than gender issues • There were no enough gender advocacy • Gender was in least priority • Gaps were observed at various stages of the census operation • From planning to execution • From central to field • During the manpower recruitment • During the interactions & training • In actual enumeration of the census • In data processing & publication • Limited gender reports & publications

16. Contd…. • Gaps was found in collected information • Inconsistency in collected data found • Data gaps was observed • Caste/Ethnicity: Data Gaps • The National Committee for Development of Nationalities identified 59 Ethnic groups • The census recorded only 42 ethnic groups • Many ethnic groups and lower cast feels that the population enumerated is grossly inaccurate. • A substantial population 231,641(1.2%) were noted as caste/ethnicity “unidentified”.

17. Contd… • Religion : Data Gaps • Some gaps in religion data was seen • Muslim population only follow Islam religion • According to 2001 census Musalman Population was 975,949 and Islam religion was 954,023 (97.8 %) • May be due to forced reporting of religion as a campaign • Language: Data Gaps • Many reported unknown languages (168,340) • Sometimes dialect is also considered as a language • Response bias in reporting official language & language spoken in the HH. • Total number of languages spoken in Nepal is still not known

18. Gender statistics from 2001 population census. • Household reported 11% - land, 6% - house , 7% - livestock on women’s name. • 15% of household reported Women as Household Head. • Women migrant reported 36% for work and 41% did not list their cause. • Women constitute 43% of labor force, out of this 48% in agriculture and 34% in non agriculture sector. • A report on “Population Census 2001: Gender perspective”

19. Impact of genderizing process after PHC-2001. • Gender mainstreaming within CBS, 21 % women enumerator recruited with Govt. own resources in Census 2001, overall 25% women involved in the census. • Budget Speech 2009 has announced for 25% rebate on tax for registration of house and land on women’s name. • Focused Policies and programs for single women and other excluded group. • Restriction on women migrant workers to work abroad has been lifted. • Foreign Employment Act has been enacted with special focus to protect the rights of women migrant workers. • Age at marriage has been designated for both men and women at 20 years.

20. Contd.. • 33% of representation of women now in Constitution Assembly in inclusive way. • Reservation ensured on the basis of sex and ethnicity in the civil service and police force. (33% of the vacancy for women in open competition) • Separate Commissions for women has been created as “National Commission of Women”. • Bill on Home based workers under review. • Proportionate representation based on the population among the ethnic groups, geographical representation and sex ensured in the Election Act of the Constituent Assembly based on census. • Gender Equity and Social Inclusion has become the priority of the Government of Nepal and CBS as well.

21. New initiation in PHC-2011 • Information on maternal mortality to be collected as complete count. • Information on education shifted from sample to complete count. • Disability statistics in more detail through complete count. • Information on third sex through listing of HHs. • Information on absentees in more detail through complete count.

22. Media Strategy on Public Awareness in the future program • A couple of weeks back a high level media strategy workshop for upcoming census was organized by the CBS comprising media persons representing different types of mass media. The recommendation of the workshop Publicity Through Television: • PSA (Public Service Advertisement) • Interactive Program • Round Table Discussion on Census • Bilateral dialogue between media person and professionals/senior officials directly involving in the census operation • Tele-Serial • Include humorous / comedian programs and popular program]{ • Tele drama • Documentary on Census • Sponsoring of Popular programs • Countdown before 100 days in TV

23. . • Telecasting of the folk songs exposing the census message and slogans. Publicity Through Radio/FM • Radio Jingles • Radio Drama • Public Service Announcement • Dialogue (Plain Conversation) • Talk Show/ Interaction • Sponsorship of the popular program • Selection of Language • 20 national/regional languages by Radio Nepal • Nepali (Throughout the country) • Regional language (Regional based) • Countdown before 100 days in Radio /FM

24. Publicity through Print Media • Types/Activities • Press Advertisement • Census Articles • Countdown • Branding • Vehicles • National Dailies • Weekly Newspapers and other magazines. • Papers with local languages

25. Calendars’ Bulletin (Including New Year wishes) • Exercise Books for Students • New year post card • Official envelop in different size Publicity through Website • Interactive • Resources • Link to other Popular Website • FAQs • A dedicated page in more national and regional languages, posters

26. Generic Slogans • Nobody escape and Nobody repeat • population census 17 to 27 June,2011 • Let us complete the responsibility of the citizen • Let us count all • Data for Development • Census for Development • Let us success the population census 2011

27. Appeal to the peoplethrough national personality of different fields and at ectors. • Prepared Cinema slides with census message during the census operation. • Postage stamp printing the slogan “Let us success the national population census-2011” from beginning of the year 2011 • Printing folder, pamphlet, census logo • Awarding press fellowship for the articles published in the newspapers for highlighting the importance of population census. • Calendar,bags and dot pen printing census logo and slogans. • Miking in local level, Dholak, Sarangi, Panche Baja, Street drama etc. • Using Mobile SMS

28. IEC materials e.g., Banner, Poster, Billboards, hoarding boards, Cap, T-shirt etc. public Personalities/ Actors/ comedian actors, etc.

29. Thank you for your Attention !!!