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The Age of Exploration. Parts of a Ship. Age of Pirates. A Pirates Creed
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A Pirates Creed Ye Captain shall have full command during the time of engagement, and shall have authority at all other times to conduct the ship accordingly. He who disobeys him may be punished unless the majority vote against the punishment. If ye Captain's vessel is shipwrecked, the crew pledges to remain until he has possessed himself of a vessel. If the vessel is the common property of the crew, the first vessel captured shall belong to ye Captain with one share of the spoil. If ye introduce on board a woman in disguise, ye shall be punished to death. If one Brother steals from another, his nose or ears are to be cut off. If he sins again, he is to be given a musket, bullets, lead and a bottle of water and marooned on an island. If there is any doubt in a dispute between ye Brothers, a court of honor is to decide the verdict. If a Brother is proved in the wrong, the first time he shall be pardoned, but should he offend again, he shall be tied to a gun, and there shall receive from each of the ship's company one strike of the lash. The same punishment shall be given to ye among us, including officers, who shall get drunk, while on the ship, to the point of losing ye senses. Whoever shall be placed on sentry, and upon his post shall go to sleep, shall in the first case be lashed by all the Brothers, and should he again offend, his head shall be split. All ye who shall plot to desert, or having deserted shall be captured, shall have ye heads split open. Quarrels between several Brothers whilst aboard ye ship shall be settled ashore with pistol and sword. He that draws first blood shall be the victor. No striking another whilst aboard ye ship.
Myths & Omens #Unlucky Friday—Christ’s Crucifixion #Women on Board—Bad Luck #Evil in Bananas—Many Banana ships sank #Whistling on Board—Change in Course of Wind #Go-Easy Captains—Crew did not Fear him #Sirens--Singing Mermaids lured Men overboard “Superstition at Sea” (read handout)
Famous Pirates Blackbeard Calico Jack Anne Bonny
Chapter 6: The Age of Exploration 1500 -1800 Section 1: Exploration and Expansion Motives and Means A. Europeans had been attracted to Asia for hundreds of years. - 13th Century – Marco Polo wrote about his travels to China in The Travels. It was read by many. - 14th Century – conquest by the Ottoman Turks reduced the ability of Europeans to travel by land to the far east. Therefore, people start to think about traveling to Asia by sea.
Economic motives: - Wanted spices: used to preserve and flavor food; were very expensive after being shipped across land by Arab middlemen “The 3 G’s”: God, Gold, Glory!!! - Wanted precious metals: gold and silver - Spread the Catholic faith to natives
C. Means: - 15th century: European monarchs had increase their power and resources. - New technology made sailing beyond Europe possible. - by 1500, cartographers had made accurate maps (mercator projection maps) of the area explored.
2. The Portuguese Trading Empire A. Portugal led the way in overseas exploration. B. Prince Henry the Navigator: Sailed along coast of Africa; discovered new sources of Gold
Bartholomeu Dias: first to sail around southern tip of Africa; becomes known as Cape of Good Hope; openedtrade with Asia
D. Vasco da Gama: first to reach the spice port of Calicut,India
E. Portugal was able to build this trading empire because oftheir guns and knowledge and skill of navigating the seas.
3. Voyages to the Americas A. Spanish wanted to sail West to reach the spice islands; establish their own trade routes
B. Christopher Columbus: sailed westward for Spain; explored Cuba, Hispaniola all major Caribbean Islands and Honduras; called all the “Indies”
C. Line of Demarcation C. Line of Demarcation – was created because both Spain and Portugal feared the other would claim some of its newly discovered territories.
Treaty of Tordesillas - Treaty of Tordesillas – set the line of demarcation – an imaginary line that ran north and south – Spain had right to explore anything west of the line and Portugal anything east of the line.
D. Soon other European countries join the race to claim and explore the Americas - England – John Cabot: explored New England coastline
Amerigo Vespucci – cartographer – mapped the new world and in letters and on maps referred to the new lands as the Americas
The Spanish Empire: A. Conquistadors: people who conquered the Americas B. Hernan Cortes : conquered the Aztec Empire in Central Mexico.
C. Francisco Pizzaro: Conquered the Incan Empire in Peru. D. Government: system of colonial administration
- Queen Isabella declared the Indians her subjects. - granted encomienda: use Native Americans as labors; put to work on sugar plantations and gold and silver mines; treated poorly
E. European diseases – smallpox, measles, typhus – killed millions of Indians because they were not immune. F. European systems of religion, language, culture, and government destroyed native American society.
5. Economic Impact and Competition A. European conquers sought gold and silver – caused (inflation) B. Columbian Exchange: extensive exchange of plants and animals between old and new worlds – better nutrition; result: people live longer
C. New Rivals Enter the Scene (Asia): • Ferdinand Magellan claimed Philippine Islands for Spain – became a major base for trade in the Pacific.
- Portuguese controlled the spice trade in Europe and Asia for most of 1500s.
- 1600s, the Dutch replace the Portuguese as the major European power – started East India Company
-1700s and 1800s, English and French contributed to the decline of the Dutch trading empire.
D. Commercial Revolution: increased international trade with the development of colonies and trading post E. Mercantilism: economic theory that held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver. - should export more than you import (balance of trade)
